INTRALIPID - i.v. fat emulsion emulsion 
Baxter Healthcare Corporation

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Intralipid® 20% (A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion)

DESCRIPTION

Intralipid® 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic fat emulsion prepared for intravenous administration as a source of calories and essential fatty acids. It is made up of 20% Soybean Oil, 1.2% Egg Yolk Phospholipids, 2.25% Glycerin, and Water for Injection. In addition, sodium hydroxide has been added to adjust the pH so that the final product pH is 8. pH range is 6 to 8.9.

The soybean oil is a refined natural product consisting of a mixture of neutral triglycerides of predominantly unsaturated fatty acids with the following structure:

Figure

WhereFigure
are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues.

The major component fatty acids are linoleic acid (44-62%), oleic acid (19-30%), palmitic acid (7-14%), α-linolenic acid (4-11%) and stearic acid (1.4-5.5%)1. These fatty acids have the following chemical and structural formulas:

Figure

Purified egg phosphatides are a mixture of naturally occurring phospholipids which are isolated from the egg yolk. These phospholipids have the following general structure:

Figure

Figure
contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that abound in neutral fats. R3 is primarily either the choline or ethanolamine ester of phosphoric acid.

Figure

Glycerin is chemically designated C3H8O3 and is a clear colorless, hygroscopic syrupy liquid. It has the following structural formula:

Figure

Intralipid 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion) has an osmolality of approximately 350 mOsmol/kg water (which represents 260 mOsmoL/L of emulsion) and contains emulsified fat particles of approximately 0.5micron size.

The total caloric value, including fat, phospholipid and glycerin, is 2.0 kcal per mL of Intralipid 20%. The phospholipids present contribute 47 milligrams or approximately 1.5 mmol of phosphorus per 100 mL of the emulsion.

The primary plastic container (BiofineTM) is made from multilayered film specifically designed for parenteral nutrition drug products. The film is polypropylene based comprising three co-extruded layers. It contains no plasticizers and exhibits virtually no leachables. The container does not contain DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) or PVC. The container is nontoxic and biologically inert. This product is not made with natural rubber latex.

The container-emulsion unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration.

The container is overwrapped to provide protection from the physical environment and to provide an additional moisture barrier when necessary.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Intralipid 20% is metabolized and utilized as a source of energy causing an increase in heat production, decrease in respiratory quotient and increase in oxygen consumption. The infused fat particles are cleared from the blood stream in a manner thought to be comparable to the clearing of chylomicrons.

Intralipid 20% will prevent the biochemical lesions of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and correct the clinical manifestations of the EFAD syndrome.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Intralipid® 20% is indicated as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for patients requiring parenteral nutrition for extended periods of time (usually for more than 5 days) and as a source of essential fatty acids for prevention of EFAD.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Intralipid 20% is contraindicated in patients with:

WARNINGS

Deaths in preterm infants after infusion of intravenous fat emulsion have been reported in the medical literature2.

Autopsy findings included intravascular fat accumulation in the lungs. Treatment of premature and low birth weight infants with intravenous fat emulsion must be based upon careful benefit-risk assessment. Strict adherence to the recommended total daily dose is mandatory; hourly infusion rate should be as slow as possible in each case and should not in any case exceed 1 g fat/kg in four hours. Premature and small for gestational age infants have poor clearance of intravenous fat emulsion and increased free fatty acid plasma levels following fat emulsion infusion; therefore, serious consideration must be given to administration of less than the maximum recommended doses in these patients in order to decrease the likelihood of intravenous fat overload.

The infant's ability to eliminate the infused fat from the circulation must be carefully monitored (such as serum triglycerides and/or plasma free fatty acid levels).

The lipemia must clear between daily infusions.

Caution should be exercised in administering of Intralipid 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion) to patients with severe liver damage, pulmonary disease, anemia, or blood coagulation disorders, or when there is danger of fat embolism.

Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease and Other Hepatobiliary Disorders

Risk of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD), also referred to as intestinal failure- associated liver disease (IFALD), can present as cholestasis or hepatic steatosis, and may progress to steatohepatitis with fibrosis and cirrhosis (possibly leading to chronic hepatic failure). The etiology of PNALD is multifactorial; however, intravenously administered phytosterols (plant sterols) contained in plant-derived lipid emulsions, including Intralipid, have been associated with development of PNALD.

In a randomized active-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-center study that included 152 neonates and 9 patients ranging in age from 29 to 153 days who were expected to require PN for at least 28 days, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC), a precursor to PNALD, developed more frequently in Intralipid-treated patients than in patients treated with a 4-oil mixed lipid emulsion.

PNAC (defined as direct bilirubin >2mg/dl with a second confirmed elevation >2mg/dl at least 7 days later) occurred in 11.5% (9/78) in Intralipid-treated patients and 2.4% (2/83) of patients treated with a 4-oil mixed lipid emulsion. Most PNAC events occurred in patients who were treated for longer than 28 days.

The estimated cumulative incidence of PNAC is shown in the Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curve in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Cumulative Incidence Curve of Time to Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis (PNAC) with Standard Error Bars

Figure 1

Monitor liver tests in patients treated with Intralipid and consider discontinuation or dosage reduction if abnormalities occur.

Other Hepatobiliary Disorders

Hepatobiliary disorders including cholecystitis and cholelithiasis have developed in some PN-treated patients without preexisting liver disease.

Monitor liver tests when administering Intralipid. Patients developing signs of hepatobiliary disorders should be assessed early to determine whether these conditions are related to Intralipid use.

Aluminum Toxicity

This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

When Intralipid 20% is administered, the patient's capacity to eliminate the infused fat from the circulation must be monitored by use of an appropriate laboratory determination of serum triglycerides. Overdosage must be avoided.

During intravenous administration with Intralipid 20%, perform liver tests to monitor for PNALD. If patients develop liver test abnormalities, consider discontinuation of Intralipid or dosage reduction. (See WARNINGS section)

Frequent platelet counts should be done in neonatal patients receiving parenteral nutrition with Intralipid 20%.

Drug product contains no more than 25 mcg/L of aluminum.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:

Studies with Intralipid have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or effects on fertility.

Pregnancy: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Intralipid. It is also not known whether Intralipid can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Intralipid should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers: Caution should be exercised when Intralipid is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use: See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The adverse reactions observed can be separated into two classes:

  1. Those more frequently encountered are due: either to contamination of the intravenous catheter and result in sepsis, or to vein irritation by concurrently infused hypertonic solutions and may result in thrombophlebitis. These adverse reactions are inseparable from the hyperalimentation procedure with or without Intralipid 20% (A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion).
  2. Less frequent reactions more directly related to Intralipid20% are: a) immediate or early adverse reactions, each of which has been reported to occur in clinical trials, in an incidence of less than 1%; dyspnea, cyanosis, allergic reactions, hyperlipemia, hypercoagulability, nausea, vomiting, headache, flushing, increase in temperature, sweating, sleepiness, pain in the chest and back, slight pressure over the eyes, dizziness, and irritation at the site of infusion, and, rarely, thrombocytopenia in neonates; b) delayed adverse reactions such as hepatomegaly, jaundice due to central lobular cholestasis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, transient increases in liver tests, and overloading syndrome (focal seizures, fever, leukocytosis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and shock).

The deposition of a brown pigmentation in the reticuloendothelial system, the so-called “intravenous fat pigment,” has been reported in patients infused with Intralipid 20%. The causes and significance of this phenomenon are unknown.

OVERDOSAGE

In the event of fat overload during therapy, stop the infusion of Intralipid 20% until visual inspection of the plasma, determination of triglyceride concentrations, or measurement of plasma light-scattering activity by nephelometry indicates the lipid has cleared. Re- evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Intralipid 20% should be administered as a part of Intravenous nutrition via peripheral vein or by central venous infusion.

Adult Patients

The initial rate of infusion in adults should be 0.5 mL/minute for the first 15 to 30 minutes of infusion. If no untoward reactions occur (see ADVERSE REACTIONS section), the infusion rate can be increased to 1 mL/minute. Not more than 500 mL of Intralipid 20% should be infused into adults on the first day of therapy. If the patient has no untoward reactions, the dose can be increased on the following day. The daily dosage should not exceed 2.5 g of fat/kg of body weight (12.5 mL of Intralipid 20% per kg). Intralipid 20% (A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion) should make up no more than 60% of the total caloric input to the patient. Maximum infusion rate should not exceed 0.1 g/kg/hr.

Carbohydrate and a source of amino acids should comprise the remaining caloric input.

Pediatric Patients

The dosage for premature infants starts at 0.5 g fat/kg body weight/24 hours (2.5 mL Intralipid 20%) and may be increased in relation to the infant's ability to eliminate fat. The maximum recommended dosage is 3 g fat/kg/24 hours.

Pediatric patients may be at risk for parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD), also known as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (see WARNINGS section) when receiving Intralipid for durations exceeding two weeks. During intravenous administration of Intralipid 20%, perform liver tests to monitor for PNALD.

The initial rate of infusion in older pediatric patients should be no more than 0.05 mL/minute for the first 10 to 15 minutes. If no untoward reactions occur, the rate can be changed to permit infusion of 0.5 mL of Intralipid 20%/kg/hour (equivalent to 0.1 g/kg/hour). The daily dosage should not exceed 3 g of fat/kg of body weight3. Intralipid 20% (equivalent to 0.125 g/kg/hour) should make up no more than 60% of the total caloric input to the patient. Carbohydrate and a source of amino acids should comprise the remaining caloric input.

Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency

When Intralipid 20% is administered to correct essential fatty acid deficiency, eight to ten percent of the caloric input should be supplied by Intralipid 20% in order to provide adequate amounts of linoleic and linolenic acids. When EFAD occurs together with stress, the amount of Intralipid 20% needed to correct the deficiency may be increased.

Administration

See MIXING GUIDELINES AND LIMITATIONS section for information regarding mixing this fat emulsion with other parenteral fluids.

Intralipid 20% can be infused into the same central or peripheral vein as carbohydrate/amino acids solutions by means of a Y-connector near the infusion site. This allows for mixing of the emulsion immediately before entering the vein or for alternation of each parenteral fluid. If infusion pumps are used, flow rates of each parenteral fluid should be controlled with a separate pump. Fat emulsion may also be infused through a separate peripheral site. Use a 1.2-micron filter with Intralipid 20%. Filters of less than 1.2-micron pore size must not be used. Conventional administration sets and TPN pooling bags contain polyvinyl chloride (PVC) components that have DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) as a plasticizer. Fat‑containing fluids such as Intralipid 20% extract DEHP from

these PVC components and it may be advisable to consider infusion of Intralipid 20% through a non-DEHP administration set. Do not use any bag in which there appears to be an oiling out on the surface of the emulsion. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

MIXING GUIDELINES AND LIMITATIONS

Intralipid 20% (A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion) may be mixed with Amino Acid and Dextrose Injections where compatibility have been demonstrated. Additives known to be incompatible should not be used. Please consult with pharmacist. If, in the informed judgment of the physician, it is deemed advisable to introduce additives, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing additives (e.g., Vitamins and Minerals).

Protect the admixed PN solution from light.

When being mixed the following proper mixing sequence must be followed to minimize pH related problems by ensuring that typically acidic Dextrose Injections are not mixed with lipid emulsions alone:

  1. Transfer Dextrose Injection to the TPN Admixture Container
  2. Transfer Amino Acid Injection
  3. Transfer Intralipid 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion)

Note: Amino Acid Injection, Dextrose Injection and Intralipid 20% may be simultaneously transferred to the admixture container. Admixing should be accompanied by gentle agitation to avoid localized concentration effects.

Additives must not be added directly to Intralipid 20% and in no case should Intralipid 20% be added to the TPN container first. Bags should be shaken gently after each addition to minimize localized concentration.

If the admixture is not used immediately, the in-use storage time and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and should normally not be longer than 24 hours at 2-8°C. After removal from storage at 2-8°C, the admixture should be infused within 24 hours.

It is essential that the admixture be prepared using strict aseptic techniques as this nutrient mixture is a good growth medium for microorganisms.

Supplemental electrolytes, trace metals or multivitamins may be required in accordance with the prescription of the attending physician.

The prime destabilizers of emulsions are excessive acidity (low pH) and inappropriate electrolyte content. Careful consideration should be given to additions of divalent cations (Ca++ and Mg++) which have been shown to cause emulsion instability. Amino acid solutions exert a buffering effect protecting the emulsion. The admixture should be inspected carefully for “breaking or oiling out” of the emulsion. “Breaking or oiling out” is described as the separation of the emulsion and can be visibly identified by a yellowish streaking or the accumulation of yellowish droplets in the admixed emulsion. The admixture should also be examined for particulates. The admixture must be discarded if any of the above is observed.

HOW SUPPLIED

Intralipid 20% is supplied as a sterile emulsion in the following fill sizes: 100 mL, 250 mL and 500 mL.

100 mL: 0338-0519-58

250 mL: 0338-0519-09

500 mL: 0338 0519-13

Intralipid 20% is also available as Pharmacy Bulk Package in the following fill size. 1000 mL: 0338-0519-14

STORAGE

Intralipid 20% should not be stored above 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze Intralipid 20%. If accidentally frozen, discard the bag.

REFERENCES

  1. Padley FB: “Major Vegetable Fats”, The Lipid Handbook (Gunstone FD, Harwood JL, Padley FB, eds.), Chapman and Hall Ltd., Cambridge, UK (1986), pp. 88-9.
  2. Levene MI, Wigglesworth JS, Desai R: Pulmonary fat accumulation after Intralipid infusion in the preterm infant. Lancet 1980; 2(8199):815-8.
  3. American Academy of Pediatrics: Use of intravenous fat emulsion in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 1981; 68:5(Nov) 738-43.

(Rev May 2022)

Manufactured for
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Deerfield, IL 60015 USA

Manufactured by
Fresenius Kabi,
Uppsala, Sweden

Intralipid® is a registered trademark of Fresenius Kabi AB.

Instruction for Use - Intralipid® 20% Container

1.

Figure

1. The integrity indicator (Oxalert™) A should be inspected before removing the overwrap. If the indicator is black the overwrap is damaged and the product should be discarded.
2.

Figure

2. Remove the overwrap by tearing at the notch and pulling down along the container. The Oxalert sachet (A) and the oxygen absorber (B) should be discarded. Place the bag on a clean, flat surface or hang on a support hook.
3.

Figure

3. Use a non-vented infusion set or close the air vent on a vented set. Follow the instructions for use for the infusion set. Use a spike with diameter of 5.6 +/- 0.1 mm.

Use a 1.2-micron filter as part of the infusion set. Filters of less than 1.2- micron pore size must not be used.
4.

Figure

4. Break off the tamper evident arrow flag from the blue infusion port.
5.

Figure

5. Hold the base of the infusion port firmly and insert the spike straight through the center of the septum by rotating the wrist slightly if needed.

NOTE: Assure that the spike is inserted straight into the port and not at an angle.

Inspect the bag and contents for particulate matter in a well-lit environment prior to administration. Discard the bag if there are any signs of discoloration or particulates.
6.

Figure

6. Hang the bag in the hanger cut and start infusion

PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY - Intralipid 250 mL Container Label

NDC 0338-0519-09

Intralipid ®  20%

A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion

250 mL
For Intravenous Use

Rx only

  bag 20



INTRALIPID  
i.v. fat emulsion emulsion
Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC:0338-0519
Route of AdministrationINTRAVENOUS
Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
SOYBEAN OIL (UNII: 241ATL177A) (SOYBEAN OIL - UNII:241ATL177A) SOYBEAN OIL 20 g  in 100 mL
Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
EGG PHOSPHOLIPIDS (UNII: 1Z74184RGV)  
GLYCERIN (UNII: PDC6A3C0OX)  
SODIUM HYDROXIDE (UNII: 55X04QC32I)  
Packaging
#Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
1NDC:0338-0519-58100 mL in 1 BAG; Type 0: Not a Combination Product04/01/2004
2NDC:0338-0519-09250 mL in 1 BAG; Type 0: Not a Combination Product04/01/2004
3NDC:0338-0519-13500 mL in 1 BAG; Type 0: Not a Combination Product04/01/2004
Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
NDANDA01844904/01/2004
Labeler - Baxter Healthcare Corporation (005083209)
Registrant - Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH (506719546)
Establishment
NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
Fresenius Kabi AB Uppsala559785113analysis(0338-0519) , manufacture(0338-0519)

Revised: 7/2022
Document Id: a34dffef-567f-47fe-9f33-3370819874c8
Set id: a69c82da-15ba-4d4d-8d7f-871dc3981eb8
Version: 4
Effective Time: 20220721
 
Baxter Healthcare Corporation