ANIMAL ALLERGENS, AP CATTLE HAIR AND DANDER- cattle hair and dander injection, solution
ANIMAL ALLERGENS, AP DOG HAIR AND DANDER CANIS SPP- animal allergens, dog dander canis spp injection, solution
ANIMAL ALLERGENS, DOG HAIR AND DANDER CANIS SPP.- dog hair canis spp. injection, solution
ANIMAL ALLERGENS, AP HORSE HAIR AND DANDER- ap horse hair and dander injection, solution
ANIMAL ALLERGENS, FEATHER MIX- feather mix injection, solution
ANIMAL ALLERGENS, GUINEA PIG HAIR AND DANDER- guinea pig hair and dander injection, solution
FOOD - ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND POULTRY PRODUCTS, BEEF BOVINE SPP.- beef bovine spp. injection, solution
FOOD - ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND POULTRY PRODUCTS, CHICKEN MEAT GALLUS SP.- chicken meat gallus sp. injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, OLIVE OLEA EUROPAEA- olive olea europaea injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, PALM, QUEEN COCOS PLUMOSA- palm, queen cocos plumosa injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, PALO VERDE CERCIDIUM FLORIDUM- palo verde cercidium floridum injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, PECAN CARYA CARYA ILLINOENSIS- pecan carya carya illinoensis injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, PEPPER TREE, CALIFORNIA SCHINUS MOLLE- pepper tree, california schinus molle injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, PINE MIX- pine mix injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, PRIVET LIGUSTRUM VULGARE- privet ligustrum vulgare injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, RUSSIAN OLIVE ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA- russian olive elaeagnus angustifolia injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, SYCAMORE, AMERICAN EASTERN PLATANUS OCCIDENTALLIS- sycamore, american eastern platanus occidentallis injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, TREE MIX 11- tree mix 11 injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, TREE MIX 5- tree mix 5 injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, TREE MIX 6- tree mix 6 injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, TREE OF HEAVEN AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA- tree of heaven ailanthus altissima injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, WALNUT, BLACK JUGLANS NIGRA- walnut, black juglans nigra injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, WILLOW, BLACK SALIX NIGRA- willow, black salix nigra injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, COCKLEBUR XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM- cocklebur xanthium strumarium injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, DOG FENNEL, EASTERN EUPATORIUM CAPILLIFOLIUM- dog fennel, eastern eupatorium capillifolium injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, GOLDENROD SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS- goldenrod solidago canadensis injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, LAMBS QUARTERS CHENOPODIUM ALBUM- lambs quarters chenopodium album injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, NETTLE URTICA DIOICA- nettle urtica dioica injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, PIGWEED, ROUGH REDROOT AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS- pigweed, rough redroot amaranthus retroflexus injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, PLANTAIN, ENGLISH PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA- plantain, english plantago lanceolata injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, RAGWEED, GIANT AMBROSIA TRIFIDA- ragweed, giant ambrosia trifida injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, RAGWEED. WESTERN AMBROSIA PSILOSTACHYA- ragweed. western ambrosia psilostachya injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, RUSSIAN THISTLE SALSOLA KALI- russian thistle salsola kali injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, SAGEBRUSH, MUGWORT ARTEMISIA VULGARIS- sagebrush, mugwort artemisia vulgaris injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, SCALE, WING SHAD ATRIPLEX CANESCENS- scale, wing shad atriplex canescens injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, SCOTCH BROOM CYTISUS SCOPARIUS- scotch broom cytisus scoparius injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS AND GARDEN PLANTS, SORREL, SHEEP RUMEX ACETOSELLA- sorrel, sheep rumex acetosella injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS, CARELESS WEED AMARANTHUS PALMERI- careless weed amaranthus palmeri injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS, CARELESS/PIGWEED MIX- careless/pigweed mix injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS, DOCK/SORREL MIX- pollens - weeds, dock/sorrel mix injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS, GIANT, SHORT, WESTERN RAGWEED MIX- giant, short, western ragweed mix injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS, KOCHIA SCOPARIA- kochia scoparia injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS, MARSHELDER/POVERTY MIX- pollens - weeds, marshelder/poverty mix injection, solution
POLLENS - WEEDS, WEED MIX 2630- weed mix 2630 injection, solution
FOOD - ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND POULTRY PRODUCTS, EGG, WHITE GALLUS SP.- egg, white gallus sp. injection, solution
FOOD - ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND POULTRY PRODUCTS, EGG, YOLK GALLUS SP.- egg, yolk gallus sp. injection, solution
FOOD - ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND POULTRY PRODUCTS, PORK SUS SP.- pork sus sp. injection, solution
FOOD - DAIRY PRODUCTS, CASEIN, COW MILK- casein, cow milk injection, solution
FOOD - DAIRY PRODUCTS, MILK, WHOLE COW- milk, whole cow injection, solution
FOOD - FISH AND SHELLFISH, CLAM- clam injection, solution
FOOD - FISH AND SHELLFISH, CODFISH GADUS CALLARIAS- codfish gadus callarias injection, solution
FOOD - FISH AND SHELLFISH, CRAB XIPHOSURUS SOWERBYI- crab xiphosurus sowerbyi injection, solution
FOOD - FISH AND SHELLFISH, LOBSTER HOMARUS AMERICANUS- lobster homarus americanus injection, solution
FOOD - FISH AND SHELLFISH, SALMON SALMO SALAR- salmon salmo salar injection, solution
FOOD - FISH AND SHELLFISH, SHRIMP CRAGO SP.- shrimp crago sp. injection, solution
FOOD - FISH AND SHELLFISH, TUNA THUNNUS SP.- tuna thunnus sp. injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, ALMOND PRUNUS AMYGDALUS- almond prunus amygdalus injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, APPLE MALUS SP.- apple malus sp. injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, BANANA MUSA SAPIENTUM- banana musa sapientum injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, BRAZIL NUT BERTHOLLETIA EXCELSA- brazil nut bertholletia excelsa injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, CARROT DAUCUS CAROTA- carrot daucus carota injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, CASHEW NUT ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALIE- cashew nut anacardium occidentalie injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, CELERY APIUM GRAVEOLENS- celery apium graveolens injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, CORN ZEA MAYS- corn zea mays injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, HAZELNUT FILBERT CORYLUS SPP.- hazelnut filbert corylus spp. injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, MELON, CANTALOUPE CUCUMIS MELO- cantaloupe cucumis melo injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, ORANGE CITRUS SINENSIS- orange citrus sinensis injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, PEA, GREEN OR ENGLISH PISUM SATIVUM- pea, green or english pisum sativum injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, PEACH PRUNUS PERSICA- peach prunus persica injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, PEANUT ARACHIS HYPOGAEA- peanut arachis hypogaea injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, PECAN CARYA ILLINOENSIS- pecan carya illinoensis injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, POTATO, WHITE SOLANUM TUBEROSUM- potato, white solanum tuberosum injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, RICE, WHOLE GRAIN- rice, whole grain injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, RYE GRAIN- rye grain injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, SOYBEAN GLYCINE SOJA- soybean glycine soja injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, STRAWBERRY FRAGARIA CHILOENSIS- strawberry fragaria chiloensis injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, STRING BEAN MIX- string bean mix injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, TOMATO NICOTIANA SPP.- tomato nicotiana spp. injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, WALNUT, BLACK JUGLANS NIGRA- walnut, black juglans nigra injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, YEAST, BAKER SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE- yeast, baker saccharomyces cerevisiae injection, solution
FOOD - PLANT SOURCE, YEAST, BREWER SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE- yeast, brewer saccharomyces cerevisiae injection, solution
INSECTS WHOLE BODY COCKROACH, AMERICAN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA- insects whole body cockroach, american periplaneta americana injection, solution
INSECTS WHOLE BODY COCKROACH, GERMAN BLATELLA GERMANICA- insects whole body cockroach, german blatella germanica injection, solution
INSECTS WHOLE BODY COCKROACH MIX- insects whole body cockroach mix injection, solution
INSECTS WHOLE BODY, FIRE ANT MIX- insects whole body, fire ant mix injection, solution
MOLDS - ALTERNARIA/HORMODENDRUM MIX- molds - alternaria/hormodendrum mix injection, solution
MOLDS - MOLD MIX 10- molds - mold mix 10 injection, solution
MOLDS - MOLD MIX 4- molds - mold mix 4 injection, solution
MOLDS - TRICHOPHYTON MIX- molds - trichophyton mix injection, solution
MOLDS, PENICILLIUM MIX- molds, penicillium mix injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, ALTERNARIA TENUIS- alternaria tenuis injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS- aspergillus fumigatus injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, ASPERGILLUS NIGER- aspergillus niger injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, BOTRYTIS CINEREA- botrytis cinerea injection, solution
INSECTS WHOLE BODY, ANT, FIRE SOLENOPSIS INVICTA- ant, fire solenopsis invicta injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, CANDIDA ALBICANS- candida albicans injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, CEPHALOSPORIUM ACREMONIUM- cephalosporium acremonium injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, CURVULARIA SPICIFERA- curvularia spicifera injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, EPICOCCUM NIGRUM- epicoccum nigrum injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM- epidermophyton floccosum injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, FUSARIUM VASINFECTUM- fusarium vasinfectum injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, HELMINTHOSPORIUM INTERSEMINATUM- helminthosporium interseminatum injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, HORMODENDRUM CLADOSPORIOIDES- hormodendrum cladosporioides injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, MUCOR RACEMOSUS- mucor racemosus injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, PENICILLIUM NOTATUM- penicillium notatum injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, PHOMA HERBARUM- phoma herbarum injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, PULLULARIA PULLULANS- pullularia pullulans injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS- rhizopus nigricans injection, solution
MOLDS, RUSTS AND SMUTS, STEMPHYLIUM BOTRYOSUM- stemphylium botryosum injection, solution
POLLENS - GRASSES, BAHIA GRASS PASPALUM NOTATUM- bahia grass paspalum notatum injection, solution
POLLENS - GRASSES, BROME, SMOOTH BROMUS INERMIS- brome, smooth bromus inermis injection, solution
POLLENS - GRASSES, CORN, CULTIVATED ZEA MAYS- corn, cultivated zea mays injection, solution
POLLENS - GRASSES, JOHNSON GRASS SORGHUM HALEPENSE- johnson grass sorghum halepense injection, solution
POLLENS - GRASSES, OATS, COMMON, CULTIVATED AVENA SATIVA- oats, common, cultivated avena sativa injection, solution
POLLENS - GRASSES, GRASS MIX 8- grass mix 8 injection, solution
POLLENS - GRASSES, SOUTHERN GRASS MIX- pollens - grasses, southern grass mix injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, ACACIA ACACIA LONGIFOLIA- acacia longifolia injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, ALDER, RED ALNUS RUBRA- alder, red alnus rubra injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, ASH, WHITE FRAXINUS AMERICANA- ash, white fraxinus americana injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, BEECH, AMERICAN FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA- beech, american fagus grandifolia injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, BIRCH MIX- birch mix injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, BOTTLE BRUSH CALLISTEMON SPP.- bottle brush callistemon spp. injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, BOXELDER/MAPLE MIX- boxelder/maple mix injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, CEDAR, MOUNTAIN JUNIPERUS ASHEI- cedar, mountain juniperus ashei injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, CEDAR, RED JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA- cedar, red juniperus virginiana injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, COTTONWOOD, COMMON POPULUS DELTOIDES- cottonwood, common populus deltoides injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, CYPRESS, ARIZONA CUPRESSUS ARIZONICA- cypress, arizona cupressus arizonica injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, CYPRESS, BALD TAXODIUM DISTICHUM- cypress, bald taxodium distichum injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, ELM, AMERICAN ULMUS AMERICANA- elm, american ulmus americana injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, ELM, CHINESE ULMUS PARVIFOLIA- elm, chinese ulmus parvifolia injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, EUCALYPTUS, EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS- eucalyptus, eucalyptus globulus injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, GUM, SWEET LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA- gum, sweet liquidambar styraciflua injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, HACKBERRY CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS- hackberry celtis occidentalis injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, HICKORY, SHAGBARK CARYA OVATA- hickory, shagbark carya ovata injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, LINDEN BASSWOOD TILIA AMERICANA- linden basswood tilia americana injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, MAPLE, HARD ACER SACCHARUM- maple, hard acer saccharum injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, MELALEUCA PUNK TREE MELALEUCA QUINQUENERVIA- melaleuca punk tree melaleuca quinquenervia injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, MESQUITE, PROSOPIS JULIFLORA- mesquite, prosopis juliflora injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, MULBERRY MIX- mulberry mix injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, OAK MIX- oak mix injection, solution
POLLENS - TREES, OAK, RED QUERCUS RUBRA- oak, red quercus rubra injection, solution
ANIMAL ALLERGENS, UF DOG HAIR-DANDER CANIS SPP- animal allergens, dog dander canis spp injection, solution
Jubilant HollisterStier LLC
----------
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
WARNING: ANAPHYLAXIS
- Non-standardized allergenic extracts can cause anaphylaxis, including anaphylactic shock and death.(5.1)
- Do not administer to individuals with:
- severe, unstable or uncontrolled asthma;
- history of severe systemic reaction to the allergen extract when administered for diagnosis of treatment;
- medical conditions that reduce the ability to survive anaphylaxis.(4)
- Observe individuals for at least 30 minutes following administration. Emergency measures and personnel trained in their use must be available in the event of a life-threatening reaction.(5.1)
- Individuals with extreme sensitivity to these products, on an accelerated immunotherapy build-up, switching to another lot, receiving high doses of these products, or exposed to similar allergens may be at increased risk of anaphylaxis.(5.1)
- These products may not be suitable for individuals who may be unresponsive to epinephrine or inhaled bronchodilators, such as those taking beta-blockers.(5.1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
NON-STANDARDIZED ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS are indicated for:
- Skin test diagnosis of individuals with a clinical history of allergy to the specific corresponding allergens.
NON-STANDARDIZED ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS are indicated for:
- Immunotherapy for the reduction of allergen-induced allergic symptoms confirmed by positive skin test or by in vitro testing for allergen specific IgE antibodies for the specific corresponding allergens.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
For percutaneous, intradermal, or subcutaneous administration only. Do not inject intravenously.
2.1 Preparation
for Administration
Appearance is clear to slightly opalescent. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Discard solution if either of these conditions exist.
Non-standardized allergenic extracts diluted with Albumin Saline with Phenol (0.4%) (stabilized diluent) may be more potent than extracts diluted with diluents that do not contain albumin. When switching from non-stabilized to stabilized diluent, consider less concentrated initial dilutions for both intradermal testing and immunotherapy.
Different formulations, preparations, or new lots of non-standardized allergenic extracts are not interchangeable. Dosing should be adjusted appropriately when formulations, preparations, or lots of non-standardized allergenic extracts are changed [see Immunotherapy (2.3) and Dosage Forms and Strengths (3)].
Allergenic extracts may be prepared for intradermal (diagnosis) or subcutaneous (immunotherapy) administration by diluting stock concentrates.
- For diluent, use sterile albumin saline with phenol or sterile normal saline with phenol.
- Dilute stock concentrates by a minimum of 100-fold for intradermal testing. Dilutions of 1,000-fold or greater are appropriate starting points for patients with a clinical history of adverse reaction.
To prepare dilutions for intradermal testing and immunotherapy, start with a stock concentrate, and prepare a ten-fold (1:10) dilution by adding 0.5 mL of concentrate to 4.5 mL of sterile aqueous diluent. Prepare subsequent dilutions in a similar manner. (see Table 1).
Table 1: 10-fold Dilution Series
Dilution
|
Extract
|
Milliliters of Diluent
|
Dilution Strength (w/v)
|
Dilution Strength (w/v)
|
Dilution Strength (w/v)
|
Dilution Strength (w/v)
|
Dilution Strength (w/v)
|
0
|
Concentrate
| |
1:10
|
1:20
|
1:50
|
1:100
|
1:650
|
1
|
0.5 mL Concentrate
|
4.5
|
1:100
|
1:200
|
1:500
|
1:1,000
|
1:6,500
|
2
|
0.5 mL Dilution
|
4.5
|
1:1,000
|
1:2,000
|
1:5,000
|
1:10,000
|
1:65,000
|
3
|
0.5 mL Dilution 2
|
4.5
|
1:10,000
|
1:20,000
|
1:50,000
|
1:100,000
|
1:650,000
|
4
|
0.5 mL Dilution 3
|
4.5
|
1:100,000
|
1:200,000
|
1:500,000
|
1:1,000,000
|
1:6,500,000
|
5
|
0.5 mL Dilution 4
|
4.5
|
1:1,000,000
|
1:2,000,000
|
1:5,000,000
|
1:10,000,000
|
1:65,000,000
|
6
|
0.5 mL Dilution 5
|
4.5
|
1:10,000,000
|
1:20,000,000
|
1:50,000,000
|
1:100,000,000
|
1:650,000,000
|
Note: A lower starting dose and/or less concentrated dilutions may be necessary for highly sensitive patients with a clinical history of sensitivity, or for those who display severe symptoms. [see Diagnostic Testing (2.2),Percutaneous Skin Testing (2.2.1) and Intradermal (Intracutaneous) Skin Test (2.2.2)].
|
2.2 Diagnostic
Testing
Testing is performed to identify patients that exhibit an allergic response at the site of administration. False positive reactions may occur. A positive skin test reaction must be interpreted in the context of the individual’s clinical history and known exposure to the allergen.
- Administer percutaneous tests prior to administration of intradermal tests to identify highly sensitive patients.
- Do not use allergen mixes for diagnostic testing because a positive reaction would not permit specific identification of the allergen(s) that elicited the reaction. In addition, a negative reaction would fail to indicate whether an individual component allergen would have elicited a positive reaction at full strength.
2.2.1 Percutaneous Skin Testing
Dose
Unless an individual is suspected to be at greater risk for anaphylaxis, the initial starting dose is 1 drop (approximately 0.05 mL) of undiluted allergenic extract. For individuals suspected to be at greater risk for anaphylaxis (for example, as indicated by a history of allergen-induced anaphylaxis), initiate percutaneous testing with a sequence of serial 10-fold dilutions of undiluted allergenic extract spaced 15‑20 minutes apart [see Preparation for Administration (2.1)].
Administration
- Percutaneous Test: Place one drop (approximately 0.05 mL) of allergen on the skin and pierce through drop superficially into the skin, lifting slightly. Use a skin test device, such as a sterile needle, lancet, or bifurcated needle.
- Percutaneous Test using self-loading devices: Refer to the manufacturer’s product instructions.
Concurrently, use a positive histamine skin test control to identify patients whose recent use of drugs with antihistamine activity may result in a false negative skin test. Apply a 50% glycerin solution as a negative control, to identify false positive responses to the extracting fluid used in the manufacture of allergenic extracts, or due to dermographism [see Drug Interactions (7)].
Interpreting Results
For interpretation of percutaneous skin tests, refer to the information provided in Allergy Diagnostic Testing: An Updated Practice Parameter.1 In addition, follow the directions provided with the percutaneous skin test devices. Measure wheal responses for the histamine positive control test at 15 minutes and for the allergen tests at 15 to 20 minutes.
- The negative control (50% glycerin solution) response should measure < 3 mm wheal and ≤ 10 mm flare.1
- Response to positive controls should be at least 3 millimeters larger than the response to the negative control.
- If either the response to the histamine positive control or to the negative control do not meet the criteria above for acceptable wheal size, the results for the allergenic extracts tested at the same time should be considered invalid and be repeated.
- Fire Ant: Percutaneous testing is considered positive when the response occurs at a concentration of 1:100 w/v or less.4
2.2.2 Intradermal
(Intracutaneous) Skin Test
Always perform percutaneous tests prior to intradermal skin tests.1, 2
Dose
Perform intradermal tests with at least 100-fold less concentrated solutions than the stock concentrates used in percutaneous tests [see Preparation and Administration (2.1)].
Fire Ant: Use 0.02 mL of a 1:100,000 v/v dilution of the concentrate for intradermal tests. Very sensitive individuals such as those who have had nearly fatal anaphylactic reactions may not tolerate even 1:100,000 v/v dilution of concentrate as a starting point. These patients should be tested with a 1:10,000,000 v/v dilution of concentrate [see Preparation for Administration (2.1)].
Use intradermal tests following a negative or equivocal percutaneous test when the patient continues to report a history of symptoms following exposure to a specific allergen.
Administration
Intradermally inject 0.02 mL of the allergen using a 1 mL intradermal testing syringe with a 26 or 27 gauge, 1/2" or 3/8" needle with intradermal bevel, graduated in 0.01 units. Insert needle at a 30˚ angle, bevel down.
Test concurrently with a positive histamine control at intradermal strength (0.1 mg/mL of histamine base) and an aqueous buffer negative control (Sterile Albumin Saline with Phenol, Sterile Buffered Saline with Phenol).
Interpreting Results
For interpretation of intradermal skin tests, follow the information provided in Allergy Diagnostic Testing: An Updated Practice Parameter.1
- Measure wheal responses for the histamine positive control test and allergen tests at 10‑15 minutes after injection
- Response to the positive control should be at least 3 millimeters larger than the response to the negative control.
- The negative control (50% glycerin solution) response should measure < 3‑mm wheal and ≤ 10 mm flare (erythema).
- If either the response to the histamine positive control or to the negative control do not meet the criteria above for acceptable wheal size, the results for the allergenic extracts tested at the same time should be considered invalid and be repeated.
- Fire Ant: Intradermal testing is considered positive when the response occurs at a concentration of 1:1,000 w/v or less.4
2.3 Immunotherapy
For subcutaneous administration only.
Administration of Immunotherapy
Administer immunotherapy by subcutaneous injection in the lateral aspect of the arm or thigh. Avoid injection directly into any blood vessels. Administer injections with a sterile 1 mL allergy treatment syringe with a 26 or 27 gauge, 1/2", beveled needle, graduated in 0.01 units.
The optimal interval between doses of allergenic extract varies among individuals. Injections are usually given one or two times per week until the maintenance dose is reached, at which time the injection interval is increased to 2, 3, and finally 4 weeks.
Most adverse reactions occur within 30 minutes after injection. Therefore, observe patients for at least 30 minutes. For high risk patients, 30 minutes of observation may not be sufficient.2
Dosing of non-standardized allergenic extracts for allergen immunotherapy is highly individualized. Adjust dose according to the degree of sensitivity of the patient, tolerance to the extract administered during the early phases of an injection regimen, and the clinical response. Dosing is individualized by choice of an initial dose, the schedule of dose build-up, the target maintenance dose, the actual maintenance dose, and the duration of treatment.
The large volume of solution for immunotherapy may produce increased discomfort in the pediatric population. In order to achieve the total dose required, the volume of the dose may need to be divided into more than one injection per visit.²
2.3.1 Dose
Build-up
Following the first administration of 0.03 mL of the selected initial dilution of allergenic extract, dosing is increased in 0.03 mL to 0.12 mL increments until 0.3 mL is reached, following which 0.03 mL is administered from the next most concentrated allergen extract or allergen mixture vial in the dilution series. The interval between doses is usually 3 to 7 days during dose build-up. Proceed in this manner until a maintenance dose is reached. The final maintenance dose may not be the target maintenance dose selected at the beginning of therapy.
The following adjustments may be necessary during dose build-up:
- If allergic symptoms or local reactions develop shortly after dose administration, decrease the dose volume to one-half or one-quarter of the maximum dose previously attained.
- If the patient is experiencing any seasonal allergy symptoms, decrease the dose volume to one-half or one‑quarter of the maximum dose previously attained.
- Adjust the dose periodically based on the patient’s tolerance and reaction.
- Decrease the dose if the previous injection resulted in a marked local reaction.
- Repeat the previous dose or reduce the dose at the next administration if local reactions persist for longer than 24 hours.
- Decrease the dose if the previous injection resulted in a systemic reaction.Any evidence of a systemic reaction is an indication for a significant (at least 75%) reduction in the subsequent dose or the cessation of immunotherapy.
- Repeated systemic reactions, however mild, are sufficient reason for the cessation of further attempts to increase the reaction-causing dose.
2.3.2 Maintenance
Dose Selection, Adjustments, and Intervals
The maintenance dose is the dose that provides therapeutic efficacy without severe adverse local or systemic reactions. This dose may be limited by adverse reactions and may not be the original targeted maintenance dose. Select a maintenance dose based on the patient's clinical response and tolerance.
- Suggested maintenance dose is 0.3 mL of the undiluted allergen extract. Occasionally, higher doses are necessary to relieve symptoms.
- Maintenance doses larger than 0.3 mL of undiluted allergen extract may cause patient discomfort due to the 50% glycerin content.
- After the maintenance dose is achieved, increase the injection interval to 2 weeks, then 3 weeks, and finally 4 weeks, as tolerated. Administer the maintenance dose at a given interval three or four times before further increasing the interval to assure that no reactions occur. Protection may be lost rapidly if the interval between doses is more than 4 weeks.
The following adjustments to the maintenance dose may be necessary.
Withhold immunotherapy and/or reduce dosage, if any of the following conditions exist:
- Severe symptoms of rhinitis and/or asthma. Decrease dose to one-half or one-quarter of the maximum dose previously attained if the patient has any seasonal symptoms.
- Allergic symptoms or a local reaction following the prior dose.
- Infection accompanied by fever.
- Exposure to excessive amounts of clinically relevant allergen prior to a scheduled injection.
In situations prompting dose reduction, a cautious increase in dosage can be attempted once the reduced dose is tolerated.
Decrease the interval between doses if symptoms develop before the next injection is scheduled.
In some patients, the dosage may be increased and/or the dosing interval shortened based on individual responses and dosing requirements. If the onset of symptoms is soon after the initiation of immunotherapy, decrease the interval between each dose.
Changing to a different lot of extract: All extracts can lose allergenic activity over time and extracts vary in allergenic activity. Two different lots of extract could differ substantially in allergenic activity, even if they are the same formula and concentration. The volume of the first dose from the new vial should not exceed 50% of the previous dose. Do not use extracts beyond their expiry date.
Changing to a different formulation of extract or to an extract from a different manufacturer: Decrease the starting dose of the new extract when the extract is the same formula and dilution as the one previously used. In general, a volume dose reduction to 50% of the previous product dose is adequate, but each situation must be evaluated separately considering the patient's history of sensitivity, tolerance of previous injections, and other factors. If the patient tolerates the 50% decrease, then raise the next dose to the previous tolerated dose amount. To re-establish the maintenance dose the starting interval between doses should not be greater than one week.
Prolonged period has elapsed since the last injection: Patients may lose tolerance for allergen injections during prolonged intervals (> 4 weeks) between doses. The duration of tolerance is an individual characteristic and varies from patient to patient. In general, the longer the lapse in the injection schedule, the greater dose reduction required.
Changes made in the extract concentrate formula: Changes other than those listed above such as a difference in extracting fluid (e.g., change from non-glycerin extracts to 50% glycerin extracts), combining two or more stock concentrates, or any other change can affect a patient’s tolerance of the treatment. Extra dilutions are recommended whenever starting a revised formula. The greater the change, the greater the number of dilutions required.
Duration of Treatment
The duration of treatment for immunotherapy has not been established. A period of two to three years of injection therapy constitutes an average minimum course of treatment. Evaluate patients for treatment response at least every 6 to 12 months while they receive immunotherapy.
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Non-standardized allergenic extracts are solutions: stock concentrates, labeled in weight/volume, in a glycerin-preserved extracting fluid, supplied in 5, 10, 30, and 50 mL vials. (3, 16) Refer to the vial label for the product concentration. (11)
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
Non-standardized allergenic extracts are contraindicated in individuals with the following conditions:
- Severe, unstable or uncontrolled asthma.
- History of any severe systemic reaction to the allergen extract when administered for diagnosis or treatment.
- Medical conditions that reduce the ability to survive anaphylaxis.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis, which may lead to death, can occur in individuals following the administration of non-standardized allergenic extracts, particularly in the following situations:
- Extreme sensitivity to the non-standardized allergenic extract.
- Concomitant environmental exposure to allergens.
- Receipt of high doses of the non-standardized allergenic extract.
- Receipt of an accelerated build-up schedule (“rush” immunotherapy).
- Change from one lot of a particular non-standardized allergenic extract to another lot of the same non-standardized allergenic extract.
Administer non-standardized allergenic extracts in a healthcare setting under the supervision of a physician prepared to manage anaphylaxis; management may include use of inhaled bronchodilators and use of epinephrine. Non-standardized allergenic extracts may not be suitable for individuals who may be unresponsive to epinephrine or inhaled bronchodilators, such as those taking beta-blockers. See prescribing information for epinephrine for complete information, particularly on medications that blunt or potentiate epinephrine activity. Individuals should remain in the physician’s office for a minimum of 30 minutes after receiving an injection of non‑standardized allergenic extracts, so that any adverse reaction can be observed and properly handled.
5.2 Cross-reactions
and Dose Sensitivity
When determining the final dose of an allergen mixture for immunotherapy, consider cross-reactivity among component extracts.
Determine the initial dilution of allergenic extract, starting dose, and progression of dosage based on the patient’s history and results of skin tests [see Dosage and Administration (2)]. Strongly positive skin tests can be indicators for potential adverse reactions.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
Common adverse reactions reported for non-standardized allergenic extracts are:
- Local reactions occurring in 26 to 82% of all patients who receive subcutaneous immunotherapy, at the injection site (e.g., erythema, swelling, pruritus, tenderness and pain).2
- Systemic adverse reactions, occurring in ≤ 7% of patients who receive subcutaneous immunotherapy (e.g., generalized skin erythema, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, rhinitis, wheezing, laryngeal edema, hypotension, and shock).3 Systemic reactions may be fatal.2
No clinical trials of non-standardized allergenic extracts have been conducted.
Published studies of non-standardized allergenic extracts report systemic reactions occurring in fewer than 1% in patients receiving conventional immunotherapy and greater than 36% in patients receiving rush immunotherapy. Most systemic reactions occurred within 30 minutes of injection. However, systemic reactions have been reported to occur up to 2 hours after the final injection with rush schedules. Some reactions have occurred up to 6 hours after skin tests or immunotherapy.2, 3
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Antihistamines
Do not perform skin testing with non-standardized allergenic extracts within 3 to 10 days of first-generation H1-histamine receptor blockers (e.g., clemastine, diphenhydramine) and second-generation antihistamines (e.g., loratadine, fexofenadine) being used. These products suppress histamine skin test reactions and could mask a positive response.1, 2
7.2 Topical
Corticosteroids and Topical Anesthetics
Topical corticosteroids may suppress skin reactivity; therefore, discontinue use at the skin test site for at least 2 to 3 weeks before skin testing. Avoid use of topical local anesthetics at skin test sites because they can suppress flare responses.1, 2
7.3 Tricyclic Antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants, such as doxepin, can have potent antihistamine effects and may alter skin test results. Allow 7 to 14 days after discontinuation of tricyclic medication prior to skin testing.1, 2
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
All pregnancies have a risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. There are no human or animal data to establish the presence or absence of non-standardized allergenic extracts‑associated risks during pregnancy.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
It is not known whether non-standardized allergenic extracts are present in human milk. Data are not available to assess the effects of these extracts on the breastfed child or on milk production/excretion. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for non-standardized allergenic extracts and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from the extracts or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.4 Pediatric Use
For use of these products in children younger than 5 years of age, consideration should be given to the patient’s ability to comply and cooperate with receipt of the product and the potential for difficulty in communicating with the child regarding systemic reactions.²
The volume of a dose for immunotherapy may need to be divided for pediatric patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]
8.5 Geriatric Use
Data are not available to determine if subjects 65 years of age and older respond differently to allergen immunotherapy than younger subjects.
11 DESCRIPTION
Non-standardized allergenic extracts are labeled “No U.S. Standard of Potency”.
Non-standardized allergenic extracts are supplied in a Glycero Cocas extraction solution, which consists of 0.5% sodium chloride for isotonicity, 0.275% sodium bicarbonate as a buffer, and 50% glycerin (volume/volume) as preservative.
Non-standardized allergenic extracts are supplied as a weight to volume (w/v) solution of allergen in extraction solution. Product concentrations vary based on the source. Refer to the vial label for the product concentration.
Source material mold mycelia and Candida albicans cells are cultivated on liquid medium which may contain one or more of the following constituents: casein hydrolysate; malt extract; yeast extract; maltose; dextrose; ammonium nitrate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, ammonium citrate, potassium phosphate, sodium citrate, citric acid; magnesium sulfate; or trace elements. Acetone and ether may be used as drying and de-fatting agents. Candida albicans cells are treated with phenol, which is removed by dialysis.
Dog Hair and Dander extracts are manufactured in 3 product forms:
- Dog Hair and Dander (Regular Process) is derived from extraction of the source material without additional processing, and is prepared at 1:10 w/v in Glycero-Cocas.
- Acetone Precipitated (AP) Dog Hair and Dander is derived from the acetone precipitated aqueous extract and is prepared at 1:100 w/v in Glycero-Cocas.
- Ultrafiltered (UF) Dog Hair and Dander is derived from the UF aqueous extract and is prepared at 1:650 w/v in Glycero‑Cocas.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
The skin test reaction results from interaction of the introduced allergen and allergen-specific IgE antibodies bound to mast cells, leading to mast cell degranulation and release of histamine, tryptase and other mediators, which results in the formation of the wheal and flare.
The precise mechanisms of action of allergen immunotherapy are not known. Immunologic responses to immunotherapy include changes in allergen-specific IgE levels, allergen-specific IgG levels, and regulatory T cell responses.2
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
Specific immunotherapy with allergenic extracts is helpful in reducing symptoms associated with exposure to the offending allergens. A summary of effectiveness by the Panel on Review of Allergenic Extracts, an advisory committee to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, has been published.5
15 REFERENCES
1. Bernstein IL, Li JT, Bernstein Dl, et al. Allergy diagnostic testing: and updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008 Mar;100:S1-148.
2. Cox L, Nelson H, Lockey R, Calabria C, Chacko T, Finegold I, et al. Allergen immunotherapy: A practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jan;127:S1-55.
3. Greineder DK. Risk management in allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996 Dec;98(6 Pt 3):S330-4
4. Golden D B K, Demain J, Freeman T, Graft D, et al. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: A practice parameter update 2016. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 118 (2017) 28-54.
5. Federal Register Proposed Rule: Biological Products: Implementation of Efficacy Review, Allergenic Extracts, Federal Register 1985;50:3082-3288.
16 HOW SUPPLIED
Non-standardized allergenic extracts and mixes are supplied as 50% glycerin stock concentrates labeled in weight/volume and provided in 10 milliliter, 30 milliliter and 50 milliliter vials for use in percutaneous skin testing and subcutaneous immunotherapy. These extracts may also be supplied in 5 milliliter dropper vials for percutaneous testing only.
These products are supplied as listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2: AVAILABLE PRODUCTS
|
POLLEN – GRASS ALLERGENS
|
Bahia Grass,Paspalum notatum
|
Brome, SmoothBromus inermis
|
Corn, CultivatedZea mays
|
Grass Mix 8-100,000 BAU/mL each ofP. pratensis; A. gigantean; P. pretense;10,000 BAU/mL ofC. dactylon; 1:20w/v ofS. halepense
|
Johnson Grass,Sorghum halepense
|
Oats, Common Cultivated,Avena sativa
|
POLLEN – TREE ALLERGENS
|
Acacia, Golden,Acacia longifolia
|
Alder, Red,Alnus rubra
|
Ash, White,Fraxinus americana
|
Beech, American,Fagus grandifolia
|
Birch Mix (PRW)-B. papyrifera, B. pendula, B. nigra
|
Bottlebrush,Melaleuca citrina
|
Boxelder/Maple Mix (BHR)-A. negundo, A. saccharum, A. rubrum
|
Cedar, Mountain,Juniperus ashei
|
Cedar, Red,Juniperus virginiana
|
Cottonwood, Common,Populus deltoides
|
Cyprus, Arizona,Cupressus arizonica
|
Cyprus, Bald,Taxodium distichum
|
Elm, American,Ulmus americana
|
Elm, Chinese,Ulmus parvifolia
|
Gum, Sweet,Liquidambar styraciflua
|
Hackberry,Celtis occidentalis
|
Hickory, Shagbark,Carya ovata
|
Maple, Hard/Sugar,Acer saccharum
|
Melaleuca,Melaleuca quinquenervia
|
Mesquite,Prosopis glandulosa
|
Mulberry Mix (RW)-M. rubra, M. alba
|
Oak Mix (RVW)-Q. rubra, Q. virginiana, Q. alba
|
Oak, Red,Quercus Rubra
|
Olive Tree,Olea europaea
|
Palm, Queen,Syagrus romanzoffiana
|
Pecan Tree,Carya illinoinensis
|
Pine Mix (LY)-P. contorta, P. ponderosa
|
Privet, Common,Ligustrum vilgare
|
Russian Olive,Elaeagnus angustifolia
|
Sycamore, American,Platanus occidentalis
|
Tree Mix 5-20% each ofF. Americana; J. nigra; P. deltoides; U. Americana;6.7% each ofB. papyrifera; B. nigra; B. pendula
|
Tree Mix 6- Tree Mix 6-20% each ofF. Americana; J. nigra; P. deltoides; U. Americana;6.7% each ofB. papyrifera; B. nigra; B. pendula
|
Tree Mix 11-10% each ofF. americana; B. nigra; J. nigra; P. deltoides; U. americana; C. ovata; A. saccharum; Q. rubra; P. occidentalis; S. nigra
|
Walnut, Black,Juglans nigra
|
Willow, Black,Salix nigra
|
POLLEN – WEED AND GARDEN PLANT ALLERGENS
|
Careless Weed,Amaranthus palmeri
|
Careless/Pigweed Mix (CR)-A. palmeri, A. retroflexus
|
Cocklebur, Common,Xanthium strumarium
|
Dock/Sorrel Mix (DS)-R. crispus, R. acetosella
|
Dog Fennel, Eastern,Eupatorium capillifolium
|
Goldenrod,Solidago canadensis
|
Kochia,Kochia scoparia
|
Lamb’s Quarters,Chenopodium album
|
Marshelder/Poverty Mix (BPT)-C. xanthifolia, I. annua, I. axillaris
|
Nettle,Urtica dioica
|
Pigweed, Rough Redroot,Amaranthus retroflexus
|
Plantain, English,Plantago lanceolata
|
Ragweed, Giant,Ambrosia trifida
|
Ragweed Mix (GSW)-A. trifida, A. artemisiifolia, A. psilostachya
|
Ragweed, Western,Ambrosia psilostachya
|
Russian Thistle,Salcola kali
|
Sagebrush, Mugwort,Artemisia vulgaris
|
Scale, Wing,Atriplex canescens
|
Sorrel, Sheep,Rumex acetosella
|
Weed Mix 2630-25% each ofX. strumarium; C. album; A. retroflexus;12.5% each ofR. crispus; R. acetosella
|
MOLDS
|
Alternaria/Hormodendrum Mix-A. tenuis, H. cladosporioides
|
Alternaria tenuis (Alternariaalternata)
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
Aspergillus niger var. niger
|
Botrytis cinerea
|
Candida albicans
|
Cephalosporium acremonium (Sarocladiumstrictum)
|
Curvularia spicifera (Cochliobolusspicifer)
|
Epicoccum nigrum
|
Epidermophyton floccosum
|
Fusarium vasinfectum (Fusariumoxysporumvasinfectum)
|
Heliminthosporium interseminatum (Dendryphiellavinosa)
|
Hormodendrum cladosporioides (Cladosporium cladosporioides)
|
Mold Mix 4-25% each ofA. alternata; C. cladosporioides;6.2% each ofA. fumigatus; A. nidulans; A. nigervar. niger; A. terreus; P. digitatum; P. expansum; P. chrysogenumvar. chrysogenum; C. rosea f. rosea
|
Mold Mix 10-2.5% each ofA. fumigatus; A. nidulans; A. nigervar. niger; A. terreus; P. digitatum; P. expansum; P. chrysogenumvar. chrysogenum; C. roseaf. rosea;10% each ofA. alternata; F. oxysporumvasinfectum; D. vinosa; C. cladosporioides; M. racemosus; P. exiguavar. exigua; A. pullulansvar. pullutans; R. stolonifer
|
Mucor racemosus
|
Penicillium Mix-P. expansum, P. digitatum, P. chrysogenum, C. rosea
|
Penicillium notatum (Penicilliumchrysogenumvar. chrysogenum)
|
Phoma herbarum (Phomaexiguavar. exigua)
|
Pullularia pullulans (Aerobasidiumpullulansvar. pullulans)
|
Rhizopus nigricans (Rhizopusstolonifer)
|
Stemphylium botryosum (Pleosporatarda)
|
Trichophyton Mix-T. tonsurans, T. rubrum , T. mentagrophytes
|
EPIDERMALS
|
AP Horse Hair and Dander,Equuscaballus
|
AP Cattle Hair and Dander,Bostaurus
|
AP Dog Hair and Dander,Canislupusfamiliaris
|
Dog Hair and Dander,Canislupusfamiliaris
|
UF Dog Hair and Dander,Canislupusfamiliaris
|
Feather Mix-G. gallus,A. platyrhynchos, A. anser
|
Guinea Pig Hair and Dander,Caviaporcellus
|
INSECTS
|
Cockroach, American,Periplanetaamericana
|
Cockroach, German,Blatellagermanica
|
Cockroach Mix-P. americana, B. germanica
|
Fire Ant,Solenopsisinvicta
|
16.2 Storage
and Handling
Store extracts at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F).
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Instruct patients to remain in the office under observation for a minimum of 30 minutes after an injection or longer, if deemed necessary for the individual.
Inform patients that reactions may occur more than 30 minutes after skin testing or an injection.
Instruct patient to recognize the following symptoms as systemic adverse reactions and seek emergency medical care right away if any of these symptoms occur:
- Unusual swelling and/or tenderness at the injection site.
- Hives or itching of the skin.
- Swelling of face and/or mouth.
- Sneezing, coughing, or wheezing.
- Shortness of breath.
- Nausea.
- Dizziness or faintness.
Manufacturer:
Jubilant HollisterStier LLC
Spokane, WA 99207 U.S.A.
U.S. Lic. No. 1272
Version Date: February 24, 2022