FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Phentermine hydrochloride capsules are indicated as a short-term (a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on exercise, behavioral modification and caloric restriction in the management of exogenous obesity for patients with an initial body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2, or ≥ 27 kg/m 2 in the presence of other risk factors (e.g., controlled hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia).
Below is a chart of body mass index (BMI) based on various heights and weights.
BMI is calculated by taking the patient’s weight, in kilograms (kg), divided by the patient’s height, in meters (m), squared. Metric conversions are as follows: pounds ÷ 2.2 = kg; inches x 0.0254 = meters.
|
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI), kg/m 2 |
||||||
| Height (feet, inches) | ||||||
| Weight
(pounds) | 5'0" | 5'3" | 5'6" | 5'9" | 6'0" | 6'3" |
| 140 | 27 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 18 |
| 150 | 29 | 27 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 19 |
| 160 | 31 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 |
| 170 | 33 | 30 | 28 | 25 | 23 | 21 |
| 180 | 35 | 32 | 29 | 27 | 25 | 23 |
| 190 | 37 | 34 | 31 | 28 | 26 | 24 |
| 200 | 39 | 36 | 32 | 30 | 27 | 25 |
| 210 | 41 | 37 | 34 | 31 | 29 | 26 |
| 220 | 43 | 39 | 36 | 33 | 30 | 28 |
| 230 | 45 | 41 | 37 | 34 | 31 | 29 |
| 240 | 47 | 43 | 39 | 36 | 33 | 30 |
| 250 | 49 | 44 | 40 | 37 | 34 | 31 |
The limited usefulness of agents of this class, including phentermine, [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1, 12.2) ] should be measured against possible risk factors inherent in their use such as those described below.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Exogenous Obesity
Dosage should be individualized to obtain an adequate response with the lowest effective dose.
The usual adult dose is 15 mg to 30 mg as prescribed by the physician, at approximately 2 hours after breakfast for appetite control. Administration of one 30 mg capsule daily has been found to be adequate in depression of the appetite for 12 to 14 hours. Phentermine is not recommended for use in pediatric patients ≤ 16 years of age.
Late evening medication should be avoided because of the possibility of resulting insomnia.
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
- Phentermine hydrochloride capsules USP, 15 mg (equivalent to 12 mg phentermine base): powder-filled capsules, gray/orange; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1742 on the body.
- Phentermine hydrochloride capsules USP, 30 mg (equivalent to 24 mg phentermine base): powder-filled capsules, natural/blue; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1308 on the body.
- Phentermine hydrochloride capsules USP, 30 mg (equivalent to 24 mg phentermine base): powder-filled capsules, yellow/yellow; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1310 on the body.
- Phentermine hydrochloride capsules USP, 30 mg (equivalent to 24 mg phentermine base): powder-filled capsules, black/black; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and logo 0597 logo on the body.
- Phentermine hydrochloride capsules USP, 30 mg (equivalent to 24 mg phentermine base): pellet-filled capsules, natural/blue; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1438 on the body.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
- History of cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, stroke, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension)
- During or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Hyperthyroidism
- Glaucoma
- Agitated states
- History of drug abuse
- Pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1) ]
- Nursing [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3) ]
- Known hypersensitivity, or idiosyncrasy to the sympathomimetic amines
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Coadministration with Other Drug Products for Weight Loss
Phentermine hydrochloride capsules are indicated only as short-term (a few weeks) monotherapy for the management of exogenous obesity. The safety and efficacy of combination therapy with phentermine and any other drug products for weight loss including prescribed drugs, over-the-counter preparations, and herbal products, or serotonergic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, paroxetine), have not been established. Therefore, coadministration of phentermine and these drug products is not recommended.
5.2 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PPH) - a rare, frequently fatal disease of the lungs - has been reported to occur in patients receiving a combination of phentermine with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine. The possibility of an association between PPH and the use of phentermine alone cannot be ruled out; there have been rare cases of PPH in patients who reportedly have taken phentermine alone. The initial symptom of PPH is usually dyspnea. Other initial symptoms may include angina pectoris, syncope or lower extremity edema. Patients should be advised to report immediately any deterioration in exercise tolerance. Treatment should be discontinued in patients who develop new, unexplained symptoms of dyspnea, angina pectoris, syncope or lower extremity edema, and patients should be evaluated for the possible presence of pulmonary hypertension.
5.3 Valvular Heart Disease
Serious regurgitant cardiac valvular disease, primarily affecting the mitral, aortic and/or tricuspid valves, has been reported in otherwise healthy persons who had taken a combination of phentermine with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine for weight loss. The possible role of phentermine in the etiology of these valvulopathies has not been established and their course in individuals after the drugs are stopped is not known. The possibility of an association between valvular heart disease and the use of phentermine alone cannot be ruled out; there have been rare cases of valvular heart disease in patients who reportedly have taken phentermine alone.
5.4 Development of Tolerance, Discontinuation in Case of Tolerance
When tolerance to the anorectant effect develops, the recommended dose should not be exceeded in an attempt to increase the effect; rather, the drug should be discontinued.
5.5 Effect on the Ability to Engage in Potentially Hazardous Tasks
Phentermine may impair the ability of the patient to engage in potentially hazardous activities such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle; the patient should therefore be cautioned accordingly.
5.6 Risk of Abuse and Dependence
Phentermine is related chemically and pharmacologically to amphetamine (d- and d ll-amphetamine) and other related stimulant drugs that have been extensively abused. The possibility of abuse of phentermine should be kept in mind when evaluating the desirability of including a drug as part of a weight reduction program. See Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9) and Overdosage ( 10) .
The least amount feasible should be prescribed or dispensed at one time in order to minimize the possibility of overdosage.
5.7 Usage with Alcohol
Concomitant use of alcohol with phentermine may result in an adverse drug reaction.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following adverse reactions are described, or described in greater detail, in other sections:
- Primary pulmonary hypertension [see
Warnings and Precautions (
5.2)
]
- Valvular heart disease [see
Warnings and Precautions (
5.3)
]
- Effect on the ability to engage in potentially hazardous tasks [see
Warnings and Precautions (
5.5)
]
- Withdrawal effects following prolonged high dosage administration [see
Drug Abuse and Dependence (
9.3)
]
The following adverse reactions to phentermine have been identified:
Cardiovascular
Primary pulmonary hypertension and/or regurgitant cardiac valvular disease, palpitation, tachycardia, elevation of blood pressure, ischemic events.
Central Nervous System
Overstimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, dysphoria, tremor, headache, psychosis.
Gastrointestinal
Dryness of the mouth, unpleasant taste, diarrhea, constipation, other gastrointestinal disturbances.
Allergic
Urticaria.
Endocrine
Impotence, changes in libido.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Use of phentermine is contraindicated during or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors because of the risk of hypertensive crisis.
7.3 Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Medications
Requirements may be altered [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9) ].
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category X
Phentermine is contraindicated during pregnancy because weight loss offers no potential benefit to a pregnant woman and may result in fetal harm. A minimum weight gain, and no weight loss, is currently recommended for all pregnant women, including those who are already overweight or obese, due to obligatory weight gain that occurs in maternal tissues during pregnancy. Phentermine has pharmacologic activity similar to amphetamine (d- and d
ll-amphetamine) [see
Clinical Pharmacology (
12.1)
]. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with phentermine. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus.
8.3 Nursing Mothers
It is not known if phentermine is excreted in human milk; however, other amphetamines are present in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Because pediatric obesity is a chronic condition requiring long-term treatment, the use of this product, approved for short-term therapy, is not recommended.
8.5 Geriatric Use
In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
8.6 Renal Impairment
Phentermine was not studied in patients with renal impairment. Based on the reported excretion of phentermine in urine, exposure increases can be expected in patients with renal impairment. Use caution when administering phentermine to patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3) ].
9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
9.2 Abuse
Phentermine is related chemically and pharmacologically to the amphetamines. Amphetamines and other stimulant drugs have been extensively abused and the possibility of abuse of phentermine should be kept in mind when evaluating the desirability of including a drug as part of a weight reduction program.
9.3 Dependence
Abuse of amphetamines and related drugs may be associated with intense psychological dependence and severe social dysfunction. There are reports of patients who have increased the dosage of these drugs to many times than recommended. Abrupt cessation following prolonged high dosage administration results in extreme fatigue and mental depression; changes are also noted on the sleep EEG. Manifestations of chronic intoxication with anorectic drugs include severe dermatoses, marked insomnia, irritability, hyperactivity and personality changes. A severe manifestation of chronic intoxication is psychosis, often clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia.
10 OVERDOSAGE
The least amount feasible should be prescribed or dispensed at one time in order to minimize the possibility of overdosage.
10.1 Acute Overdosage
Manifestations of acute overdosage include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, and panic states. Fatigue and depression usually follow the central stimulation. Cardiovascular effects include arrhythmia, hypertension or hypotension, and circulatory collapse. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Overdosage of pharmacologically similar compounds has resulted in fatal poisoning usually terminates in convulsions and coma.
Management of acute phentermine hydrochloride intoxication is largely symptomatic and includes lavage and sedation with a barbiturate. Experience with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is inadequate to permit recommendations in this regard. Acidification of the urine increases phentermine excretion. Intravenous phentolamine (Regitine ®, CIBA) has been suggested on pharmacologic grounds for possible acute, severe hypertension, if this complicates overdosage.
10.2 Chronic Intoxication
Manifestations of chronic intoxication with anorectic drugs include severe dermatoses, marked insomnia, irritability, hyperactivity and personality changes. The most severe manifestation of chronic intoxications is psychosis, often clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia. See Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.3) .
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine with pharmacologic activity similar to the prototype drugs of this class used in obesity, amphetamine (d- and d ll-amphetamine). Drugs of this class used in obesity are commonly known as "anorectics" or "anorexigenics." It has not been established that the primary action of such drugs in treating obesity is one of appetite suppression since other central nervous system actions, or metabolic effects, may also be involved.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Typical of amphetamines include central nervous system stimulation and elevation of blood pressure. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance have been demonstrated with all drugs of this class in which these phenomena have been looked for.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Following the administration of phentermine, phentermine reaches peak concentrations (C max) after 3 to 4.4 hours.
Specific Populations
Renal Impairment
Phentermine was not studied in patients with renal impairment. The literature reported cumulative urinary excretion of phentermine under uncontrolled urinary pH conditions is 62%-85%. Exposure increases can be expected in patients with renal impairment. Use caution when administering phentermine to patients with renal impairment.
Drug Interactions
In a single-dose study comparing the exposures after oral administration of a combination capsule of 15 mg phentermine and 92 mg topiramate to the exposures after oral administration of a 15 mg phentermine capsule or a 92 mg topiramate capsule, there is no significant topiramate exposure change in the presence of phentermine. However in the presence of topiramate, phentermine C
max and AUC increase 13% and 42%, respectively.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
In relatively short-term clinical trials, adult obese subjects instructed in dietary management and treated with "anorectic" drugs lost more weight on the average than those treated with placebo and diet.
The magnitude of increased weight loss of drug-treated patients over placebo-treated patients is only a fraction of a pound a week. The rate of weight loss is greatest in the first weeks of therapy for both drug and placebo subjects and tends to decrease in succeeding weeks. The possible origins of the increased weight loss due to the various drug effects are not established. The amount of weight loss associated with the use of an "anorectic" drug varies from trial to trial, and the increased weight loss appears to be related in part to variables other than the drugs prescribed, such as the physician-investigator, the population treated and the diet prescribed. Studies do not permit conclusions as to the relative importance of the drug and non-drug factors on weight loss.
The natural history of obesity is measured over several years, whereas the studies cited are restricted to a few weeks' duration; thus, the total impact of drug-induced weight loss over that of diet alone must be considered clinically limited.
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Phentermine hydrochloride capsules are supplied as:
15 mg powder-filled capsules, gray/orange; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1742 on the body, in bottles of 100 (NDC 0527-1742-01) and 1000 (NDC 0527-1742-10) capsules.
30 mg powder-filled capsules, natural/blue; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1308 on the body, in bottles of 100 (NDC 0527-1308-01) and 1000 (NDC 0527-1308-10) capsules.
30 mg powder-filled capsules, yellow/yellow; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1310 on the body, in bottles of 100 (NDC 0527-1310-01) and 1000 (NDC 0527-1310-10) capsules.
30 mg powder-filled capsules, black/black; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and logo 0597 logo on the body, in bottles of 100 (NDC 0527-0597-01) and 1000 (NDC 0527-0597-10) capsules.
30 mg pellet-filled capsules, natural/blue; imprinted logo LANNETT on the cap and 1438 on the body, in bottles of 100 (NDC 0527-1438-01) and 1000 (NDC 0527-1438-10) capsules.
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Dispense in a tight container as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure (as required).
Keep out of the reach of children.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Patients must be informed that phentermine hydrochloride is a short-term (a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on exercise, behavioral modification and caloric restriction in the management of exogenous obesity, and that coadministration of phentermine with other drugs for weight loss is not recommended [see Indications and Usage ( 1) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1) ].
Patients must be instructed on how much phentermine to take, and when and how to take it [see Dosage and Administration ( 3) ].
Advise pregnant women and nursing mothers not to use phentermine [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1, 8.3) ].
Patients must be informed about the risks of use of phentermine (including the risks discussed in Warnings and Precautions), about the symptoms of potential adverse reactions and when to contact a physician and/or take other action. The risks include, but are not limited to:
- Development of primary pulmonary hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2) ]
- Development of serious valvular heart disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3) ]
- Effects on the ability to engage in potentially hazardous tasks [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5) ]
- The risk of an increase in blood pressure [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8) and Adverse Reactions ( 6) ]
- The risk of interactions [see Contraindications ( 4) , Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7, 5.9) and Drug Interactions ( 7) ]
See also, for example, Adverse Reactions ( 6) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8) .
The patients must also be informed about
- the potential for developing tolerance and actions if they suspect development of tolerance [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4) ] and
- the risk of dependence and the potential consequences of abuse [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6) , Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9) , and Overdosage ( 10) ].
Tell patients to keep phentermine in a safe place to prevent theft, accidental overdose, misuse or abuse. Selling or giving away phentermine may harm others and is against the law.
Manufactured by:
LANNETT COMPANY, INC.
Philadelphia, PA 19136
Made in the USA
Revised 12/2012, Revision 6
10-532
11 DESCRIPTION
Phentermine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic amine anorectic. Its chemical name is α,α,-dimethylphenethylamine hydrochloride. The structural formula is as follows:
C 10H 15N • HCl M.W. 185.7
Phentermine hydrochloride is a white, odorless, hygroscopic, crystalline powder which is soluble in water and lower alcohols, slightly soluble in chloroform and insoluble in ether.
Phentermine hydrochloride capsules, USP are available as:
a) powder-filled capsules containing 15 mg phentermine hydrochloride (equivalent to 12 mg phentermine base) or 30 mg phentermine hydrochloride (equivalent to 24 mg phentermine base) and inactive ingredients: corn starch and magnesium stearate. In addition, the 15 mg gray/orange capsules contain lactose monohydrate, gelatin, D&C Yellow # 10, FD&C Red # 40, FD&C Yellow # 6, titanium dioxide, black iron oxide, yellow iron oxide; the 30 mg natural/blue capsules contain lactose anhydrous, gelatin, D&C Red # 28, and FD&C Blue # 1; the 30 mg yellow/yellow capsules contain lactose anhydrous, gelatin, D&C Yellow # 10, FD&C Red # 3, and titanium dioxide; and the 30 mg black/black capsules contain lactose anhydrous, gelatin, FD&C Yellow # 6, FD&C Blue # 1, and FD&C Red # 40. The imprinting ink for the 15 mg gray/orange capsules, 30 mg natural/blue capsules and 30 mg yellow/yellow capsules contains: shellac glaze in ethanol, iron oxide black, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ethanol, methanol, FD&C Blue # 2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red # 40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue # 1 Aluminum Lake, and D&C Yellow # 10 Aluminum Lake. The imprinting ink for the 30 mg black/black capsules contains: shellac, dehydrated alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, yellow iron oxide, and dimethicone.
b) pellet-filled capsules containing 30 mg phentermine hydrochloride (equivalent to 24 mg phentermine base) and inactive ingredients: sugar spheres, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake, polysorbate 80, FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake, gelatin, FD&C Blue No. 1 and D&C Red No. 28. The imprinting ink for the pellet-filled capsules contains: shellac glaze in ethanol, iron oxide black, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ethanol, methanol, FD&C Blue # 2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red # 40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue # 1 Aluminum Lake, and D&C Yellow # 10 Aluminum Lake.