KIONEX- sodium polystyrene sulfonate powder, for suspension 
Paddock Laboratories, LLC

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HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

These highlights do not include all the information needed to use Kionex® safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for Kionex.
Kionex (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) powder for suspension, for oral or rectal use

Initial U.S. Approval: 1958

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Kionex is a potassium binder indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia. (1)

Limitation of Use: (1)

Kionex should not be used an emergency treatment for life threatening hyperkalemia because of its delayed onset of action. (1)

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Oral: The average total daily adult dose of Kionex is 15 g to 60 g, administered as a 15-g dose (four level teaspoons), one to four times daily (2.1). (2)

Rectal: The average adult dose is 30 g to 50 g every six hours (2.1). (2)

DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Kionex is available as a cream to light brown, finely ground powder (3)

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to polystyrene sulfonate resins (4)
Obstructive bowel disease (4)
Neonates with reduced gut motility (4)

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Intestinal Necrosis: cases of intestinal necrosis and other serious gastrointestinal events have been reported (5.1).
Electrolyte Disturbances: Severe hypokalemia can occur. (5.2).
Fluid overload in patient sensitive to high sodium intake: Monitor patients who are sensitive to sodium intake for signs of fluid overload. (5.3).
Risk of aspiration: Acute bronchitis or bronchopneumonia caused by inhalation of sodium polystyrene sulfonate particles has been reported. (5.4).

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Adverse reactions reported include: anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, fecal impaction, gastrointestinal concretions (bezoars), ischemic colitis, nausea, vomiting (6).

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Perrigo at 1-866-634-9120 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Take other orally administered drugs at least 3 hours before or 3 hours after Kionex (7.1).
Cation-Donating Antacids: may reduce the resin’s potassium exchange capability and increase risk of systemic alkalosis (7.2).
Sorbitol: Concomitant use may contribute to the risk of intestinal necrosis and is not recommended (7.3).

See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION.

Revised: 8/2017

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 General Information

2.2 Recommended Dosage

2.3 Preparation and Administration

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Intestinal Necrosis

5.2 Electrolyte Disturbances

5.3 Fluid Overload in Patients Sensitive to High Sodium Intake

5.4 Risk of Aspiration

5.5 Binding to Other Orally Administered Medications

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

7.1 General Interactions

7.2 Cation-Donating Antacids

7.3 Sorbitol

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

8.2 Lactation

8.4 Pediatric Use

10 OVERDOSAGE

11 DESCRIPTION

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

*
Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed.

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Kionexis indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia.

Limitation of Use:

Kionex should not be used as an emergency treatment for life-threatening hyperkalemia because of its delayed onset of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 General Information

Administer Kionex at least 3 hours before or 3 hours after other oral medications. Patients with gastroparesis may require a 6 hour separation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Drug Interaction (7)]

2.2 Recommended Dosage

The intensity and duration of therapy depend upon the severity and resistance of hyperkalemia.

Oral

The average total daily adult dose of Kionex is 15 g to 60 g, administered as a 15-g dose (four level teaspoons), one to four times daily.

Rectal

The average adult dose is 30 g to 50 g every six hours.

2.3 Preparation and Administration

Prepare suspension fresh and use within 24 hours.

Do not heat Kionex as it could alter the exchange properties of the resin.

One level teaspoon contains approximately 3.5 g of Kionex and 15 mEq of sodium.

Oral Suspension

Suspend each dose in a small quantity of water or syrup, approximately 3 to 4 mL of liquid per gram of resin. Administer with patient in an upright position [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Enema

After an initial cleansing enema, insert a soft, large size (French 28) rubber tube into the rectum for a distance of about 20 cm, with the tip well into the sigmoid colon, and tape in place.

Administer as a warm (body temperature) emulsion in 100 mL of aqueous vehicle and flush with 50 to 100 ml of fluid. A somewhat thicker suspension may be used, but do not form a paste.

Agitate the emulsion gently during administration. The resin should be retained for as long as possible and follow by a cleansing enema with a nonsodium containing solution. Ensure an adequate volume of cleansing solution (up to 2 liters) is utilized.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Kionex is a cream to light brown, finely ground powder and is available in 454 g jars.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Kionex is contraindicated in patients with the following conditions:

Hypersensitivity to polystyrene sulfonate resins
Obstructive bowel disease
Neonates with reduced gut motility

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Intestinal Necrosis

Cases of intestinal necrosis, some fatal, and other serious gastrointestinal adverse events (bleeding, ischemic colitis, perforation) have been reported in association with Kionex use. The majority of these cases reported the concomitant use of sorbitol. Risk factors for gastrointestinal adverse events were present in many of the cases including prematurity, history of intestinal disease or surgery, hypovolemia, and renal insufficiency and failure. Concomitant administration of sorbitol is not recommended.

Use only in patients who have normal bowel function. Avoid use in patients who have not had a bowel movement post-surgery.
Avoid use in patients who are at risk for developing constipation or impaction (including those with history of impaction, chronic constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic colitis, vascular intestinal atherosclerosis, previous bowel resection, or bowel obstruction). Discontinue use in patients who develop constipation.

5.2 Electrolyte Disturbances

Monitor serum potassium during therapy because severe hypokalemia may occur.

Kionex is not totally selective for potassium, and small amounts of other cations such as magnesium and calcium can also be lost during treatment. Monitor calcium and magnesium in patients receiving Kionex.

5.3 Fluid Overload in Patients Sensitive to High Sodium Intake

Each 15 g dose of Kionex contains 1500 mg (60 mEq) of sodium. Monitor patients who are sensitive to sodium intake (heart failure, hypertension, edema) for signs of fluid overload. Adjustment of other sources of sodium may be required.

5.4 Risk of Aspiration

Cases of acute bronchitis or bronchopneumonia caused by inhalation of sodium polystyrene sulfonate particles have been reported. Patients with impaired gag reflex, altered level of consciousness, or patients prone to regurgitation may be at increased risk. Administer Kionex with the patient in an upright position.

5.5 Binding to Other Orally Administered Medications

Kionex may bind orally administered medications, which could decrease their gastrointestinal absorption and lead to reduced efficacy. Administer other oral medications at least 3 hours before or 3 hours after Kionex. Patients with gastroparesis may require a 6 hour separation. [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Drug Interactions (7)].

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:

Intestinal Necrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
Electrolyte Disturbances [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)]
Aspiration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Kionex. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Gastrointestinal: anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, fecal impaction, gastrointestinal concretions (bezoars), ischemic colitis, nausea, ulcerations, vomiting, gastric irritation, intestinal obstruction (due to concentration of aluminium hydroxide)

Metabolic: systemic alkalosis

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

7.1 General Interactions

No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted in humans.

Kionex has the potential to bind other drugs. In in vitro binding studies, Kionex was shown to significantly bind the oral medications (n=6) that were tested. Decreased absorption of lithium and thyroxine have also been reported with co-administration of Kionex. Binding of Kionex to other oral medications could cause decreased gastrointestinal absorption and loss of efficacy when taken close to the time Kionex is administered. Administer Kionex at least 3 hours before or 3 hours after other oral medications. Patients with gastroparesis may require a 6 hour separation. Monitor for clinical response and/or blood levels where possible.

7.2 Cation-Donating Antacids

The simultaneous oral administration of Kionex with nonabsorbable cation-donating antacids and laxatives may reduce the resin's potassium exchange capability and increase the risk of systemic alkalosis.

7.3 Sorbitol

Sorbitol may contribute to the risk of intestinal necrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] and concomitant use is not recommended.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Kionex is not absorbed systemically following oral or rectal administration and maternal use is not expected to result in fetal risk.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

Kionex is not absorbed systemically by the mother, so breastfeeding is not expected to result in risk to the infant.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Studies of safety and efficacy have not been conducted in pediatric patients.

In pediatric patients, as in adults, Kionex is expected to bind potassium at the practical exchange ratio of 1mEq potassium per 1 gram of resin.

In neonates, Kionex should not be given by the oral route. In both children and neonates, excessive dosage or inadequate dilution could result in impaction of the resin. Premature infants or low birth weight infants may have an increased risk for gastrointestinal adverse effects with Kionex. use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

10 OVERDOSAGE

Overdosage may result in electrolyte disturbances including hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia. Appropriate measures should be taken to correct serum electrolytes (potassium, calcium, magnesium), and the resin should be removed from the alimentary tract by appropriate use of laxatives or enemas.

11 DESCRIPTION

Kionex is a benzene, diethenyl-polymer, with ethenylbenzene, sulfonated, sodium salt and has the following structural formula:

kionex-chemical-structure.jpg

The drug is a cream to light brown finely ground, powdered form of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, a cation-exchange resin prepared in the sodium phase with an in vitro exchange capacity of approximately 3.1 mEq (in vivo approximately 1 mEq) of potassium per gram. The sodium content is approximately 100 mg (4.1 mEq) per gram of the drug. It can be administered orally or rectally as an enema.

One gram of Kionex contains 4.1 mEq of sodium.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Kionex is a non-absorbed, cation exchange polymer that contains a sodium counterion.

Kionex increases fecal potassium excretion through binding of potassium in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Binding of potassium reduces the concentration of free potassium in the gastrointestinal lumen, resulting in a reduction of serum potassium levels. The practical exchange ratio is 1 mEq K per 1 gram of resin.

As the resin passes along the intestine or is retained in the colon after administration by enema, the sodium ions are partially released and are replaced by potassium ions. This action occurs primarily in the large intestine, which excretes potassium ions to a greater degree than does the small intestine. The efficiency of this process is limited and unpredictably variable.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

The effective lowering of serum potassium with Kionex may take hours to days.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The in vivo efficiency of sodium-potassium exchange resins is approximately 33 percent; hence, about one third of the resin's actual sodium content is delivered to the body.

Kionex is not absorbed systemically.

Drug Interactions

In vitro binding studies showed that Kionex bound significantly to the following tested drugs – warfarin, metoprolol, phenytoin, furosemide, amlodipine and amoxicillin.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Studies have not been performed.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Kionex is available as a cream to light brown, finely ground powder in jars of 1 pound (454 g), NDC 0574-2004-16.

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Drug Interactions

Advise patients who are taking other oral medication to separate the dosing of Kionex by at least 3 hours (before or after) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.5), and Drug Interactions (7.1)]

Rx Only

Packaged by

Perrigo

Minneapolis, MN 55427

Revised 08/2017

PACKAGE/LABEL PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL

Rx Only

NDC 0574-2004-16

Kionex®

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate for Suspension

AVERAGE ADULT DOSE: 15 g (approximately 4 level teaspoons) one to four times daily in water. See complete prescribing information.

The effect must be carefully controlled by frequent serum potassium determinations within each 24 hour period. Sodium content approximately 60 mEq per 15 g.

Suspension should be freshly prepared and not stored beyond 24 hours. Dispense in tight, light-resistant containers as defined in the USP.

STORAGE: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Read package insert.

454 grams (1 LB)

kionex-label.jpg
KIONEX 
sodium polystyrene sulfonate powder, for suspension
Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC:0574-2004
Route of AdministrationORAL, RECTAL
Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE (UNII: 1699G8679Z) (POLYSTYRENE SULFONIC ACID - UNII:70KO0R01RY) SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE4.1 meq  in 1 g
Product Characteristics
ColorBROWN (cream to light brown) Score    
ShapeSize
FlavorImprint Code
Contains    
Packaging
#Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
1NDC:0574-2004-16454 g in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC; Type 0: Not a Combination Product04/02/201407/31/2018
Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
ANDAANDA04002902/01/199807/31/2018
Labeler - Paddock Laboratories, LLC (967694121)

Revised: 8/2017
 
Paddock Laboratories, LLC