KIONEX- sodium polystyrene sulfonate powder, for suspension
Paddock Laboratories, LLC
----------
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATIONThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use Kionex® safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for Kionex.
Kionex (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) powder for suspension, for oral or rectal use Initial U.S. Approval: 1958 INDICATIONS AND USAGEDOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONDOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHSKionex is available as a cream to light brown, finely ground powder (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
ADVERSE REACTIONSAdverse reactions reported include: anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, fecal impaction, gastrointestinal concretions (bezoars), ischemic colitis, nausea, vomiting (6). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Perrigo at 1-866-634-9120 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. DRUG INTERACTIONS
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Revised: 8/2017 |
Kionexis indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia.
Limitation of Use:
Kionex should not be used as an emergency treatment for life-threatening hyperkalemia because of its delayed onset of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
Administer Kionex at least 3 hours before or 3 hours after other oral medications. Patients with gastroparesis may require a 6 hour separation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Drug Interaction (7)]
The intensity and duration of therapy depend upon the severity and resistance of hyperkalemia.
Oral
The average total daily adult dose of Kionex is 15 g to 60 g, administered as a 15-g dose (four level teaspoons), one to four times daily.
Rectal
The average adult dose is 30 g to 50 g every six hours.
Prepare suspension fresh and use within 24 hours.
Do not heat Kionex as it could alter the exchange properties of the resin.
One level teaspoon contains approximately 3.5 g of Kionex and 15 mEq of sodium.
Oral Suspension
Suspend each dose in a small quantity of water or syrup, approximately 3 to 4 mL of liquid per gram of resin. Administer with patient in an upright position [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Enema
After an initial cleansing enema, insert a soft, large size (French 28) rubber tube into the rectum for a distance of about 20 cm, with the tip well into the sigmoid colon, and tape in place.
Administer as a warm (body temperature) emulsion in 100 mL of aqueous vehicle and flush with 50 to 100 ml of fluid. A somewhat thicker suspension may be used, but do not form a paste.
Agitate the emulsion gently during administration. The resin should be retained for as long as possible and follow by a cleansing enema with a nonsodium containing solution. Ensure an adequate volume of cleansing solution (up to 2 liters) is utilized.
Kionex is a cream to light brown, finely ground powder and is available in 454 g jars.
Kionex is contraindicated in patients with the following conditions:
Cases of intestinal necrosis, some fatal, and other serious gastrointestinal adverse events (bleeding, ischemic colitis, perforation) have been reported in association with Kionex use. The majority of these cases reported the concomitant use of sorbitol. Risk factors for gastrointestinal adverse events were present in many of the cases including prematurity, history of intestinal disease or surgery, hypovolemia, and renal insufficiency and failure. Concomitant administration of sorbitol is not recommended.
Monitor serum potassium during therapy because severe hypokalemia may occur.
Kionex is not totally selective for potassium, and small amounts of other cations such as magnesium and calcium can also be lost during treatment. Monitor calcium and magnesium in patients receiving Kionex.
Each 15 g dose of Kionex contains 1500 mg (60 mEq) of sodium. Monitor patients who are sensitive to sodium intake (heart failure, hypertension, edema) for signs of fluid overload. Adjustment of other sources of sodium may be required.
Cases of acute bronchitis or bronchopneumonia caused by inhalation of sodium polystyrene sulfonate particles have been reported. Patients with impaired gag reflex, altered level of consciousness, or patients prone to regurgitation may be at increased risk. Administer Kionex with the patient in an upright position.
Kionex may bind orally administered medications, which could decrease their gastrointestinal absorption and lead to reduced efficacy. Administer other oral medications at least 3 hours before or 3 hours after Kionex. Patients with gastroparesis may require a 6 hour separation. [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Drug Interactions (7)].
The following adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Kionex. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Gastrointestinal: anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, fecal impaction, gastrointestinal concretions (bezoars), ischemic colitis, nausea, ulcerations, vomiting, gastric irritation, intestinal obstruction (due to concentration of aluminium hydroxide)
Metabolic: systemic alkalosis
No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted in humans.
Kionex has the potential to bind other drugs. In in vitro binding studies, Kionex was shown to significantly bind the oral medications (n=6) that were tested. Decreased absorption of lithium and thyroxine have also been reported with co-administration of Kionex. Binding of Kionex to other oral medications could cause decreased gastrointestinal absorption and loss of efficacy when taken close to the time Kionex is administered. Administer Kionex at least 3 hours before or 3 hours after other oral medications. Patients with gastroparesis may require a 6 hour separation. Monitor for clinical response and/or blood levels where possible.
Risk Summary
Kionex is not absorbed systemically following oral or rectal administration and maternal use is not expected to result in fetal risk.
Risk Summary
Kionex is not absorbed systemically by the mother, so breastfeeding is not expected to result in risk to the infant.
Studies of safety and efficacy have not been conducted in pediatric patients.
In pediatric patients, as in adults, Kionex is expected to bind potassium at the practical exchange ratio of 1mEq potassium per 1 gram of resin.
In neonates, Kionex should not be given by the oral route. In both children and neonates, excessive dosage or inadequate dilution could result in impaction of the resin. Premature infants or low birth weight infants may have an increased risk for gastrointestinal adverse effects with Kionex. use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Overdosage may result in electrolyte disturbances including hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia. Appropriate measures should be taken to correct serum electrolytes (potassium, calcium, magnesium), and the resin should be removed from the alimentary tract by appropriate use of laxatives or enemas.
Kionex is a benzene, diethenyl-polymer, with ethenylbenzene, sulfonated, sodium salt and has the following structural formula:
The drug is a cream to light brown finely ground, powdered form of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, a cation-exchange resin prepared in the sodium phase with an in vitro exchange capacity of approximately 3.1 mEq (in vivo approximately 1 mEq) of potassium per gram. The sodium content is approximately 100 mg (4.1 mEq) per gram of the drug. It can be administered orally or rectally as an enema.
One gram of Kionex contains 4.1 mEq of sodium.
Kionex is a non-absorbed, cation exchange polymer that contains a sodium counterion.
Kionex increases fecal potassium excretion through binding of potassium in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Binding of potassium reduces the concentration of free potassium in the gastrointestinal lumen, resulting in a reduction of serum potassium levels. The practical exchange ratio is 1 mEq K per 1 gram of resin.
As the resin passes along the intestine or is retained in the colon after administration by enema, the sodium ions are partially released and are replaced by potassium ions. This action occurs primarily in the large intestine, which excretes potassium ions to a greater degree than does the small intestine. The efficiency of this process is limited and unpredictably variable.
The in vivo efficiency of sodium-potassium exchange resins is approximately 33 percent; hence, about one third of the resin's actual sodium content is delivered to the body.
Kionex is not absorbed systemically.
Drug Interactions
In vitro binding studies showed that Kionex bound significantly to the following tested drugs – warfarin, metoprolol, phenytoin, furosemide, amlodipine and amoxicillin.
Kionex is available as a cream to light brown, finely ground powder in jars of 1 pound (454 g), NDC 0574-2004-16.
Drug Interactions
Advise patients who are taking other oral medication to separate the dosing of Kionex by at least 3 hours (before or after) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.5), and Drug Interactions (7.1)]
Rx Only
NDC 0574-2004-16
Kionex®
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate for Suspension
AVERAGE ADULT DOSE: 15 g (approximately 4 level teaspoons) one to four times daily in water. See complete prescribing information.
The effect must be carefully controlled by frequent serum potassium determinations within each 24 hour period. Sodium content approximately 60 mEq per 15 g.
Suspension should be freshly prepared and not stored beyond 24 hours. Dispense in tight, light-resistant containers as defined in the USP.
STORAGE: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Read package insert.
454 grams (1 LB)
KIONEX
sodium polystyrene sulfonate powder, for suspension |
||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Labeler - Paddock Laboratories, LLC (967694121) |