2.1 Preparation for Administration

Dilution

• Dilute the vial contents using 1.8 mL of sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP to form COMIRNATY. Do not add more than 1.8 mL of diluent.
• ONLY use sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP as the diluent. Do not use bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection or any other diluent.
• Vials of sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP are provided but shipped separately. Use the provided diluent or another sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP as the diluent.
  • Provided diluent vials are single-use only; discard after 1.8 mL is withdrawn.
  • If another sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP is used as the diluent, discard after 1.8 mL is withdrawn.
  • Do not dilute more than 1 vial of COMIRNATY using the same diluent vial.
• After dilution, 1 vial of COMIRNATY contains 6 doses of 0.3 mL each.
• Refer to dilution and dose preparation instructions in the panels below.

THAWING PRIOR TO DILUTION
	Thaw vial(s) of COMIRNATY before dilution either by: Allowing vial(s) to thaw in the refrigerator [2°C to 8°C (35°F to 46°F)]. A carton of vials may take up to 3 hours to thaw, and thawed vials can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 1 month. Allowing vial(s) to sit at room temperature [up to 25°C (77°F)] for 30 minutes. Using either thawing method, vials must reach room temperature before dilution and must be diluted within 2 hours.
	Before dilution invert vaccine vial gently 10 times. Do not shake. Inspect the liquid in the vaccine vial prior to dilution. The liquid is a white to off-white suspension and may contain white to off-white opaque amorphous particles. Do not use if liquid is discolored or if other particles are observed.
DILUTION
	ONLY use sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP as the diluent. Withdraw 1.8 mL of diluent into a transfer syringe (21-gauge or narrower needle). Add 1.8 mL of sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP into the vaccine vial.
	Equalize vial pressure before removing the needle from the vaccine vial by withdrawing 1.8 mL air into the empty diluent syringe.
	Gently invert the vial containing COMIRNATY 10 times to mix. Do not shake. Inspect the vaccine in the vial. The vaccine will be an off-white suspension. Do not use if vaccine is discolored or contains particulate matter.
	Record the date and time of dilution on the COMIRNATY vial label. Store between 2°C to 25°C (35°F to 77°F). Discard any unused vaccine 6 hours after dilution.
PREPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL 0.3 mL DOSES OF COMIRNATY
	Withdraw 0.3 mL of COMIRNATY preferentially using low dead-volume syringes and/or needles. Each dose must contain 0.3 mL of vaccine. If the amount of vaccine remaining in a single vial cannot provide a full dose of 0.3 mL, discard the vial and any excess volume. Administer immediately.

After dilution, vials of COMIRNATY contain 6 doses of 0.3 mL of vaccine. Low dead-volume syringes and/or needles can be used to extract 6 doses from a single vial. If standard syringes and needles are used, there may not be sufficient volume to extract a sixth dose from a single vial. Irrespective of the type of syringe and needle,

• each dose must contain 0.3 mL of vaccine.
• if the amount of vaccine remaining in the vial cannot provide a full dose of 0.3 mL, discard the vial and any excess volume.
• do not pool excess vaccine from multiple vials.

2.2 Administration Information

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. The vaccine will be an off-white suspension. Do not administer if vaccine is discolored or contains particulate matter.

Administer a single 0.3 mL dose of COMIRNATY intramuscularly.

2.3 Vaccination Schedule

COMIRNATY is administered intramuscularly as a series of 2 doses (0.3 mL each) 3 weeks apart.

There are no data available on the interchangeability of COMIRNATY with other COVID-19 vaccines to complete the vaccination series. Individuals who have received 1 dose of COMIRNATY should receive a second dose of COMIRNATY to complete the vaccination series.

5.1 Management of Acute Allergic Reactions

Appropriate medical treatment used to manage immediate allergic reactions must be immediately available in the event an acute anaphylactic reaction occurs following administration of COMIRNATY.

5.2 Myocarditis and Pericarditis

Postmarketing data demonstrate increased risks of myocarditis and pericarditis, particularly within 7 days following the second dose. The observed risk is higher among males under 40 years of age than among females and older males. The observed risk is highest in males 12 through 17 years of age. Although some cases required intensive care support, available data from short-term follow-up suggest that most individuals have had resolution of symptoms with conservative management. Information is not yet available about potential long-term sequelae. The CDC has published considerations related to myocarditis and pericarditis after vaccination, including for vaccination of individuals with a history of myocarditis or pericarditis (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html).

5.3 Syncope

Syncope (fainting) may occur in association with administration of injectable vaccines, including COMIRNATY. Procedures should be in place to avoid injury from fainting.

5.4 Altered Immunocompetence

Immunocompromised persons, including individuals receiving immunosuppressant therapy, may have a diminished immune response to the COMIRNATY.

5.5 Limitation of Effectiveness

COMIRNATY may not protect all vaccine recipients.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a vaccine cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another vaccine and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety of COMIRNATY was evaluated in participants 16 years of age and older in 2 clinical studies conducted in Germany (Study 1), United States, Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, South Africa, and Germany (Study 2). Study BNT162-01 (Study 1) was a Phase 2-part, dose-escalation trial that enrolled 60 participants, 18 through 55 years of age and 36 participants, 56 through 85 years of age. Study C4591001 (Study 2) is a Phase 1/2/3 multicenter, multinational, randomized, saline placebo-controlled, double-blinded (Phase 2/3), dose-finding, vaccine candidate-selection and efficacy study that has enrolled approximately 44,047 participants (22,026 COMIRNATY; 22,021 placebo) 16 years of age or older (including 378 and 376 participants 16 through 17 years of age in the vaccine and placebo groups, respectively). Upon issuance of the Emergency Use Authorization (December 11, 2020) for COMIRNATY, participants were unblinded to offer placebo participants COMIRNATY. Participants were unblinded in a phased manner over a period of months to offer placebo participants COMIRNATY. Study 2 also included 200 participants with confirmed stable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; HIV-positive participants are included in safety population disposition but are summarized separately in safety analyses. Confirmed stable HIV infection was defined as documented viral load <50 copies/mL and CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 within 6 months before enrollment, and on stable antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months.

At the time of the analysis of the ongoing Study 2 with a data cut-off of March 13, 2021, there were 25,651 (58.2%) participants (13,031 COMIRNATY and 12,620 placebo) 16 years of age and older followed for ≥4 months after the second dose.

Participants 16 years and older in the reactogenicity subset were monitored for solicited local and systemic reactions and use of antipyretic medication after each vaccination in an electronic diary. Participants are being monitored for unsolicited adverse events, including serious adverse events, throughout the study [from Dose 1 through 1 month (all unsolicited adverse events) or 6 months (serious adverse events) after the last vaccination].

Demographic characteristics in Study 2 were generally similar with regard to age, gender, race, and ethnicity among participants who received COMIRNATY and those who received placebo. Overall, among the total participants who received either COMIRNATY or placebo, 50.9% were male, 49.1% were female, 79.3% were 16 through 64 years of age, 20.7% were 65 years of age and older, 82.0% were White, 9.6% were Black or African American, 25.9% were Hispanic/Latino, 4.3% were Asian, and 1.0% were American Indian or Alaska Native.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postmarketing use of COMIRNATY, including under Emergency Use Authorization. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to vaccine exposure.

Cardiac Disorders: myocarditis, pericarditis

Gastrointestinal Disorders: diarrhea, vomiting

Immune System Disorders: severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, and other hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rash, pruritus, urticaria, angioedema)

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: pain in extremity (arm)

8.1 Pregnancy

There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to COMIRNATY during pregnancy. Women who are vaccinated with COMIRNATY during pregnancy are encouraged to enroll in the registry by visiting https://mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/covid19-vaccines/.

8.2 Lactation

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of COMIRNATY in individuals 16 through 17 years of age is based on safety and effectiveness data in this age group and in adults [see Adverse Reactions (6) and Clinical Studies (14.1)].

The safety and effectiveness of COMIRNATY in individuals younger than 16 years of age have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Of the total number of COMIRNATY recipients in Study 2 as of March 13, 2021 (N = 22,026), 20.7% (n = 4,552) were 65 years of age and older and 4.2% (n = 925) were 75 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these recipients and younger recipients.

12.1 Mechanism of Action

The nucleoside-modified mRNA in COMIRNATY is formulated in lipid particles, which enable delivery of the mRNA into host cells to allow expression of the SARS-CoV-2 S antigen. The vaccine elicits an immune response to the S antigen, which protects against COVID-19.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

COMIRNATY has not been evaluated for the potential to cause carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or impairment of male fertility. In a developmental toxicity study in rats with COMIRNATY there were no vaccine-related effects on female fertility [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Efficacy in Participants 16 Years of Age and Older

Study 2 is an ongoing, multicenter, multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blind, dose-finding, vaccine candidate–selection, and efficacy study in participants 12 years of age and older. Randomization was stratified by age: 12 through 15 years of age, 16 through 55 years of age, or 56 years of age and older, with a minimum of 40% of participants in the ≥56-year stratum. The study excluded participants who were immunocompromised and those who had previous clinical or microbiological diagnosis of COVID-19. Participants with preexisting stable disease, defined as disease not requiring significant change in therapy or hospitalization for worsening disease during the 6 weeks before enrollment, were included as were participants with known stable infection with HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), or hepatitis B virus (HBV).

In Study 2, based on data accrued through March 13, 2021, approximately 44,000 participants 16 years of age and older were randomized equally and received 2 doses of COMIRNATY or placebo. Participants are planned to be followed for up to 24 months, for assessments of safety and efficacy against COVID-19.

Overall, among the total participants who received COMIRNATY or placebo, 51.4% or 50.3% were male and 48.6% or 49.7% were female, 79.1% or 79.2% were 16 through 64 years of age, 20.9% or 20.8% were 65 years of age and older, 81.9% or 82.1% were White, 9.5% or 9.6% were Black or African American, 1.0% or 0.9% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 4.4% or 4.3% were Asian, 0.3% or 0.2% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 25.6% or 25.4% were Hispanic/Latino, 73.9% or 74.1% were non-Hispanic/Latino, 0.5% or 0.5% did not report ethnicity, 46.0% or 45.7% had comorbidities [participants who have 1 or more comorbidities that increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease: defined as subjects who had at least one of the Charlson comorbidity index category or body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2], respectively. The mean age at vaccination was 49.8 or 49.7 years and median age was 51.0 or 51.0 in participants who received COMIRNATY or placebo, respectively.

Efficacy Against COVID-19

The population for the analysis of the protocol pre-specified primary efficacy endpoint included 36,621 participants 12 years of age and older (18,242 in the COMIRNATY group and 18,379 in the placebo group) who did not have evidence of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 through 7 days after the second dose. The population in the protocol pre-specified primary efficacy analysis included all participants 12 years of age and older who had been enrolled from July 27, 2020, and followed for the development of COVID-19 through November 14, 2020. Participants 18 through 55 years of age and 56 years of age and older began enrollment from July 27, 2020, 16 through 17 years of age began enrollment from September 16, 2020, and 12 through 15 years of age began enrollment from October 15, 2020.

For participants without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to 7 days after Dose 2, vaccine efficacy against confirmed COVID-19 occurring at least 7 days after Dose 2 was 95.0% (95% credible interval: 90.3, 97.6), which met the pre-specified success criterion. The case split was 8 COVID-19 cases in the COMIRNATY group compared to 162 COVID-19 cases in the placebo group.

The population for the updated vaccine efficacy analysis included participants 16 years of age and older who had been enrolled from July 27, 2020, and followed for the development of COVID-19 during blinded placebo-controlled follow-up through March 13, 2021, representing up to 6 months of follow-up after Dose 2. There were 12,796 (60.8%) participants in the COMIRNATY group and 12,449 (58.7%) in the placebo group followed for ≥4 months after Dose 2 in the blinded placebo-controlled follow-up period.

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern identified from COVID-19 cases in this study include B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.351 (Beta). Representation of identified variants among cases in vaccine versus placebo recipients did not suggest decreased vaccine effectiveness against these variants.

The updated vaccine efficacy information is presented in Table 5.

Subgroup analyses of vaccine efficacy (although limited by small numbers of cases in some subgroups) did not suggest meaningful differences in efficacy across genders, ethnic groups, geographies, or for participants with obesity or medical comorbidities associated with high risk of severe COVID-19.

Efficacy Against Severe COVID-19

Efficacy analyses of secondary efficacy endpoints supported benefit of COMIRNATY in preventing severe COVID-19. Vaccine efficacy against severe COVID-19 is presented only for participants with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (Table 6) as the COVID-19 case counts in participants without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection were the same as those in participants with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the COMIRNATY and placebo groups.

Frozen Vials Prior to Use

Cartons of COMIRNATY Multiple Dose Vials arrive in thermal containers with dry ice. Once received, remove the vial cartons immediately from the thermal container and preferably store in an ultra-low temperature freezer between -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F) until the expiry date printed on the label. Alternatively, vials may be stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) for up to 2 weeks. Vials must be kept frozen and protected from light, in the original cartons, until ready to use. Vials stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) for up to 2 weeks may be returned 1 time to the recommended storage condition of -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Total cumulative time the vials are stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) should be tracked and should not exceed 2 weeks.

If an ultra-low temperature freezer is not available, the thermal container in which COMIRNATY arrives may be used as temporary storage when consistently re-filled to the top of the container with dry ice. Refer to the re-icing guidelines packed in the original thermal container for instructions regarding the use of the thermal container for temporary storage. The thermal container maintains a temperature range of -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Storage of the vials between -96°C to -60°C (-141°F to -76°F) is not considered an excursion from the recommended storage condition.

Transportation of Frozen Vials

If local redistribution is needed and full cartons containing vials cannot be transported at -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F), vials may be transported at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F). Any hours used for transport at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) count against the 2-week limit for storage at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F). Frozen vials transported at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) may be returned 1 time to the recommended storage condition of -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F).

Thawed Vials Before Dilution

Transportation of Thawed Vials

Available data support transportation of 1 or more thawed vials at 2°C to 8°C (35°F to 46°F) for up to 12 hours.

Vials After Dilution

After dilution, store vials between 2°C to 25°C (35°F to 77°F) and use within 6 hours from the time of dilution. During storage, minimize exposure to room light, and avoid exposure to direct sunlight and ultraviolet light. Any vaccine remaining in vials must be discarded after 6 hours. Do not refreeze.