ENBREL- etanercept solution
ENBREL- etanercept
Immunex Corporation
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HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATIONThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use Enbrel safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for Enbrel.
Enbrel® (etanercept) Solution for Subcutaneous Use Initial U.S. Approval: 1998 WARNINGS:
SERIOUS INFECTIONS AND MALIGNANCIES
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SERIOUS INFECTIONS
Patients treated with Enbrel are at increased risk for developing serious infections that may lead to hospitalization or death [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6)]. Most patients who developed these infections were taking concomitant immunosuppressants such as methotrexate or corticosteroids.
Enbrel should be discontinued if a patient develops a serious infection or sepsis.
Reported infections include:
The risks and benefits of treatment with Enbrel should be carefully considered prior to initiating therapy in patients with chronic or recurrent infection.
Patients should be closely monitored for the development of signs and symptoms of infection during and after treatment with Enbrel, including the possible development of tuberculosis in patients who tested negative for latent tuberculosis infection prior to initiating therapy.
MALIGNANCIES
Lymphoma and other malignancies, some fatal, have been reported in children and adolescent patients treated with TNF blockers, including Enbrel.
Enbrel is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inducing major clinical response, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Enbrel can be initiated in combination with methotrexate (MTX) or used alone.
Enbrel is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms of moderately to severely active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in patients ages 2 and older.
Enbrel is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage of active arthritis, and improving physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Enbrel can be used in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients who do not respond adequately to MTX alone.
Patient Population | Recommended Dosage Strength and Frequency |
Adult RA, AS, and PsA Patients | 50 mg weekly |
Adult PsO Patients | Starting Dose: 50 mg twice weekly for 3 months
Maintenance Dose: 50 mg once weekly |
See the Enbrel (etanercept) “Instructions for Use” insert for detailed information on injection site selection and dose administration.
MTX, glucocorticoids, salicylates, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or analgesics may be continued during treatment with Enbrel.
Based on a study of 50 mg Enbrel twice weekly in patients with RA that suggested higher incidence of adverse reactions but similar American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response rates, doses higher than 50 mg per week are not recommended.
In addition to the 50 mg twice weekly recommended starting dose, starting doses of 25 mg or 50 mg per week were shown to be efficacious. The proportion of responders was related to Enbrel dosage [see Clinical Studies (14.5)].
Pediatric Patients Weight | Recommended Dose |
63 kg (138 pounds) or more | 50 mg weekly |
Less than 63 kg (138 pounds) | 0.8 mg/kg weekly |
In JIA patients, glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, or analgesics may be continued during treatment with Enbrel. Higher doses of Enbrel have not been studied in pediatric patients.
Enbrel is intended for use under the guidance and supervision of a physician. Patients may self-inject when deemed appropriate and if they receive medical follow-up, as necessary. Patients should not self-administer until they receive proper training in how to prepare and administer the correct dose.
The Enbrel (etanercept) “Instructions for Use” insert for each presentation contains more detailed instructions on the preparation of Enbrel.
Preparation of Enbrel Using the Single-use Prefilled Syringe or Single-use Prefilled SureClick Autoinjector
Before injection, Enbrel may be allowed to reach room temperature (approximately 15 to 30 minutes). DO NOT remove the needle cover while allowing the prefilled syringe to reach room temperature.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. There may be small white particles of protein in the solution. This is not unusual for proteinaceous solutions. The solution should not be used if discolored or cloudy, or if foreign particulate matter is present.
When using the Enbrel single-use prefilled syringe, check to see if the amount of liquid in the prefilled syringe falls between the two purple fill level indicator lines on the syringe. If the syringe does not have the right amount of liquid, DO NOT USE THAT SYRINGE.
Preparation of Enbrel Using the Multiple-use Vial
Enbrel should be reconstituted aseptically with 1 mL of the supplied Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP (0.9% benzyl alcohol), giving a solution of 1.0 mL containing 25 mg of Enbrel.
A vial adapter is supplied for use when reconstituting the lyophilized powder. However, the vial adapter should not be used if multiple doses are going to be withdrawn from the vial. If the vial will be used for multiple doses, a 25‑gauge needle should be used for reconstituting and withdrawing Enbrel, and the supplied “Mixing Date:” sticker should be attached to the vial and the date of reconstitution entered. Reconstituted solution must be used within 14 days. Discard reconstituted solution after 14 days because product stability and sterility cannot be assured after 14 days.
If using the vial adapter, twist the vial adapter onto the diluent syringe. Then, place the vial adapter over the Enbrel vial and insert the vial adapter into the vial stopper. Push down on the plunger to inject the diluent into the Enbrel vial. If using a 25‑gauge needle to reconstitute and withdraw Enbrel, the diluent should be injected very slowly into the Enbrel vial. It is normal for some foaming to occur. Keeping the diluent syringe in place, gently swirl the contents of the Enbrel vial during dissolution. To avoid excessive foaming, do not shake or vigorously agitate.
Generally, dissolution of Enbrel takes less than 10 minutes. Do not use the solution if discolored or cloudy, or if particulate matter remains.
Withdraw the correct dose of reconstituted solution into the syringe. Some foam or bubbles may remain in the vial. Remove the syringe from the vial adapter or remove the 25‑gauge needle from the syringe. Attach a 27‑gauge needle to inject Enbrel.
The contents of one vial of Enbrel solution should not be mixed with, or transferred into, the contents of another vial of Enbrel. No other medications should be added to solutions containing Enbrel, and do not reconstitute Enbrel with other diluents. Do not filter reconstituted solution during preparation or administration.
Prior to initiating Enbrel and periodically during therapy, patients should be evaluated for active tuberculosis and tested for latent infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
50 mg Single-use Prefilled Syringe
0.98 mL of a 50 mg/mL solution of etanercept
50 mg Single-use Prefilled SureClick Autoinjector
0.98 mL of a 50 mg/mL solution of etanercept
25 mg Single-use Prefilled Syringe
0.51 mL of a 50 mg/mL solution of etanercept
25 mg Multiple-use Vial
25 mg of etanercept
Patients treated with Enbrel are at increased risk for developing serious infections involving various organ systems and sites that may lead to hospitalization or death.
Opportunistic infections due to bacterial, mycobacterial, invasive fungal, viral, parasitic, or other opportunistic pathogens including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, legionellosis, listeriosis, pneumocystosis, and tuberculosis have been reported with TNF blockers. Patients have frequently presented with disseminated rather than localized disease.
Treatment with Enbrel should not be initiated in patients with an active infection, including clinically important localized infections. Patients greater than 65 years of age, patients with co-morbid conditions, and/or patients taking concomitant immunosuppressants (such as corticosteroids or methotrexate), may be at greater risk of infection. The risks and benefits of treatment should be considered prior to initiating therapy in patients:
Patients should be closely monitored for the development of signs and symptoms of infection during and after treatment with Enbrel.
Enbrel should be discontinued if a patient develops a serious infection or sepsis. A patient who develops a new infection during treatment with Enbrel should be closely monitored, undergo a prompt and complete diagnostic workup appropriate for an immunocompromised patient, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be initiated.
Tuberculosis
Cases of reactivation of tuberculosis or new tuberculosis infections have been observed in patients receiving Enbrel, including patients who have previously received treatment for latent or active tuberculosis. Data from clinical trials and preclinical studies suggest that the risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection is lower with Enbrel than with TNF-blocking monoclonal antibodies. Nonetheless, postmarketing cases of tuberculosis reactivation have been reported for TNF blockers, including Enbrel. Tuberculosis has developed in patients who tested negative for latent tuberculosis prior to initiation of therapy. Patients should be evaluated for tuberculosis risk factors and tested for latent infection prior to initiating Enbrel and periodically during therapy. Tests for latent tuberculosis infection may be falsely negative while on therapy with Enbrel.
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection prior to therapy with TNF-blocking agents has been shown to reduce the risk of tuberculosis reactivation during therapy. Induration of 5 mm or greater with tuberculin skin testing should be considered a positive test result when assessing if treatment for latent tuberculosis is needed prior to initiating Enbrel, even for patients previously vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG).
Anti-tuberculosis therapy should also be considered prior to initiation of Enbrel in patients with a past history of latent or active tuberculosis in whom an adequate course of treatment cannot be confirmed, and for patients with a negative test for latent tuberculosis but having risk factors for tuberculosis infection. Consultation with a physician with expertise in the treatment of tuberculosis is recommended to aid in the decision whether initiating anti-tuberculosis therapy is appropriate for an individual patient.
Tuberculosis should be strongly considered in patients who develop a new infection during Enbrel treatment, especially in patients who have previously or recently traveled to countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis, or who have had close contact with a person with active tuberculosis.
Invasive Fungal Infections
Cases of serious and sometimes fatal fungal infections, including histoplasmosis, have been reported with TNF blockers, including Enbrel. For patients who reside or travel in regions where mycoses are endemic, invasive fungal infection should be suspected if they develop a serious systemic illness. Appropriate empiric anti-fungal therapy should be considered while a diagnostic workup is being performed. Antigen and antibody testing for histoplasmosis may be negative in some patients with active infection. When feasible, the decision to administer empiric anti-fungal therapy in these patients should be made in consultation with a physician with expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infections and should take into account both the risk for severe fungal infection and the risks of anti-fungal therapy. In 38 Enbrel clinical trials and 4 cohort studies in all approved indications representing 27,169 patient-years of exposure (17,696 patients) from the United States and Canada, no histoplasmosis infections were reported among patients treated with Enbrel.
Treatment with TNF-blocking agents, including Enbrel, has been associated with rare (< 0.1%) cases of new onset or exacerbation of central nervous system demyelinating disorders, some presenting with mental status changes and some associated with permanent disability, and with peripheral nervous system demyelinating disorders. Cases of transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndromes, other peripheral demyelinating neuropathies, and new onset or exacerbation of seizure disorders have been reported in postmarketing experience with Enbrel therapy. Prescribers should exercise caution in considering the use of Enbrel in patients with preexisting or recent-onset central or peripheral nervous system demyelinating disorders [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Lymphomas
In the controlled portions of clinical trials of TNF‑blocking agents, more cases of lymphoma have been observed among patients receiving a TNF blocker compared to control patients. During the controlled portions of Enbrel trials in adult patients with RA, AS, and PsA, 2 lymphomas were observed among 3306 Enbrel‑treated patients versus 0 among 1521 control patients (duration of controlled treatment ranged from 3 to 36 months).
Among 6543 adult rheumatology (RA, PsA, AS) patients treated with Enbrel in controlled and uncontrolled portions of clinical trials, representing approximately 12,845 patient‑years of therapy, the observed rate of lymphoma was 0.10 cases per 100 patient‑years. This was 3‑fold higher than the rate of lymphoma expected in the general U.S. population based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database. An increased rate of lymphoma up to several-fold has been reported in the RA patient population, and may be further increased in patients with more severe disease activity.
Among 4410 adult PsO patients treated with Enbrel in clinical trials up to 36 months, representing approximately 4278 patient‑years of therapy, the observed rate of lymphoma was 0.05 cases per 100 patient‑years, which is comparable to the rate in the general population. No cases were observed in Enbrel- or placebo-treated patients during the controlled portions of these trials.
Leukemia
Cases of acute and chronic leukemia have been reported in association with postmarketing TNF-blocker use in rheumatoid arthritis and other indications. Even in the absence of TNF-blocker therapy, patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be at higher risk (approximately 2-fold) than the general population for the development of leukemia.
During the controlled portions of Enbrel trials, 2 cases of leukemia were observed among 5445 (0.06 cases per 100 patient-years) Enbrel-treated patients versus 0 among 2890 (0%) control patients (duration of controlled treatment ranged from 3 to 48 months).
Among 15,401 patients treated with Enbrel in controlled and open portions of clinical trials representing approximately 23,325 patient-years of therapy, the observed rate of leukemia was 0.03 cases per 100 patient-years.
Other Malignancies
Information is available from 10,953 adult patients with 17,123 patient-years and 696 pediatric patients with 1282 patient-years of experience across 45 Enbrel clinical studies.
For malignancies other than lymphoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, there was no difference in exposure-adjusted rates between the Enbrel and control arms in the controlled portions of clinical studies for all indications. Analysis of the malignancy rate in combined controlled and uncontrolled portions of studies has demonstrated that types and rates are similar to what is expected in the general U.S. population based on the SEER database and suggests no increase in rates over time. Whether treatment with Enbrel might influence the development and course of malignancies in adults is unknown.
Melanoma and Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer has been reported in patients treated with TNF antagonists including etanercept.
Among 15,401 patients treated with Enbrel in controlled and open portions of clinical trials representing approximately 23,325 patient-years of therapy, the observed rate of melanoma was 0.043 cases per 100 patient-years.
Among 3306 adult rheumatology (RA, PsA, AS) patients treated with Enbrel in controlled clinical trials representing approximately 2669 patient‑years of therapy, the observed rate of NMSC was 0.41 cases per 100 patient‑years vs 0.37 cases per 100 patient-years among 1521 control-treated patients representing 1077 patient-years. Among 1245 adult psoriasis patients treated with Enbrel in controlled clinical trials, representing approximately 283 patient‑years of therapy, the observed rate of NMSC was 3.54 cases per 100 patient-years vs 1.28 cases per 100 patient-years among 720 control-treated patients representing 156 patient-years.
Postmarketing cases of Merkel cell carcinoma have been reported very infrequently in patients treated with Enbrel.
Periodic skin examinations should be considered for all patients at increased risk for skin cancer.
Pediatric Patients
Malignancies, some fatal, have been reported among children, adolescents, and young adults who received treatment with TNF-blocking agents (initiation of therapy at ≤ 18 years of age), including Enbrel. Approximately half the cases were lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The other cases represented a variety of different malignancies and included rare malignancies usually associated with immunosuppression and malignancies that are not usually observed in children and adolescents. The malignancies occurred after a median of 30 months of therapy (range 1 to 84 months). Most of the patients were receiving concomitant immunosuppressants. These cases were reported postmarketing and are derived from a variety of sources, including registries and spontaneous postmarketing reports.
In clinical trials of 696 patients representing 1282 patient-years of therapy, no malignancies, including lymphoma or NMSC, have been reported.
Postmarketing Use
In global postmarketing adult and pediatric use, lymphoma and other malignancies have been reported.
Two clinical trials evaluating the use of Enbrel in the treatment of heart failure were terminated early due to lack of efficacy. One of these studies suggested higher mortality in Enbrel-treated patients compared to placebo [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. There have been postmarketing reports of worsening of congestive heart failure (CHF), with and without identifiable precipitating factors, in patients taking Enbrel. There have also been rare (< 0.1%) reports of new onset CHF, including CHF in patients without known preexisting cardiovascular disease. Some of these patients have been under 50 years of age. Physicians should exercise caution when using Enbrel in patients who also have heart failure, and monitor patients carefully.
Rare (< 0.1%) reports of pancytopenia, including very rare (< 0.01%) reports of aplastic anemia, some with a fatal outcome, have been reported in patients treated with Enbrel. The causal relationship to Enbrel therapy remains unclear. Although no high-risk group has been identified, caution should be exercised in patients being treated with Enbrel who have a previous history of significant hematologic abnormalities. All patients should be advised to seek immediate medical attention if they develop signs and symptoms suggestive of blood dyscrasias or infection (eg, persistent fever, bruising, bleeding, pallor) while on Enbrel. Discontinuation of Enbrel therapy should be considered in patients with confirmed significant hematologic abnormalities.
Two percent of patients treated concurrently with Enbrel and anakinra developed neutropenia (ANC < 1 x 109/L). While neutropenic, one patient developed cellulitis that resolved with antibiotic therapy.
Use of TNF-blocking agents has been associated with reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV), including very rare cases (< 0.01%) with Enbrel, in patients who are chronic carriers of this virus. In some instances, HBV reactivation occurring in conjunction with TNF-blocker therapy has been fatal. The majority of these reports have occurred in patients concomitantly receiving other medications that suppress the immune system, which may also contribute to HBV reactivation. Patients at risk for HBV infection should be evaluated for prior evidence of HBV infection before initiating TNF-blocker therapy. Prescribers should exercise caution in prescribing TNF blockers for patients identified as carriers of HBV. Adequate data are not available on the safety or efficacy of treating patients who are carriers of HBV with anti-viral therapy in conjunction with TNF-blocker therapy to prevent HBV reactivation. Patients who are carriers of HBV and require treatment with Enbrel should be closely monitored for clinical and laboratory signs of active HBV infection throughout therapy and for several months following termination of therapy. In patients who develop HBV reactivation, consideration should be given to stopping Enbrel and initiating anti-viral therapy with appropriate supportive treatment. The safety of resuming Enbrel therapy after HBV reactivation is controlled is not known. Therefore, prescribers should weigh the risks and benefits when considering resumption of therapy in this situation.
Allergic reactions associated with administration of Enbrel during clinical trials have been reported in < 2% of patients. If an anaphylactic reaction or other serious allergic reaction occurs, administration of Enbrel should be discontinued immediately and appropriate therapy initiated.
Caution: The following components contain dry natural rubber (a derivative of latex), which may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to latex: the needle cover of the prefilled syringe and the needle cover within the needle cap of the SureClick autoinjector.
Live vaccines should not be given concurrently with Enbrel. It is recommended that pediatric patients, if possible, be brought up-to-date with all immunizations in agreement with current immunization guidelines prior to initiating Enbrel therapy [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Treatment with Enbrel may result in the formation of autoantibodies [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] and, rarely (< 0.1%), in the development of a lupus-like syndrome or autoimmune hepatitis [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)], which may resolve following withdrawal of Enbrel. If a patient develops symptoms and findings suggestive of a lupus-like syndrome or autoimmune hepatitis following treatment with Enbrel, treatment should be discontinued and the patient should be carefully evaluated.
TNF mediates inflammation and modulates cellular immune responses. TNF-blocking agents, including Enbrel, affect host defenses against infections. The effect of TNF inhibition on the development and course of malignancies is not fully understood. In a study of 49 patients with RA treated with Enbrel, there was no evidence of depression of delayed‑type hypersensitivity, depression of immunoglobulin levels, or change in enumeration of effector cell populations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
The use of Enbrel in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis receiving immunosuppressive agents is not recommended. In a study of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis, the addition of Enbrel to standard therapy (including cyclophosphamide) was associated with a higher incidence of non-cutaneous solid malignancies and was not associated with improved clinical outcomes when compared with standard therapy alone [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].
Use of Enbrel with anakinra or abatacept is not recommended [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
In a study of 48 hospitalized patients treated with Enbrel or placebo for moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis, the mortality rate in patients treated with Enbrel was similar to patients treated with placebo at 1 month but significantly higher after 6 months. Physicians should use caution when using Enbrel in patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis.
Across clinical studies and postmarketing experience, the most serious adverse reactions with Enbrel were infections, neurologic events, CHF, and hematologic events [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. The most common adverse reactions with Enbrel were infections and injection site reactions.
Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, or Plaque Psoriasis
The data described below reflect exposure to Enbrel in 2219 adult patients with RA followed for up to 80 months, in 182 patients with PsA for up to 24 months, in 138 patients with AS for up to 6 months, and in 1204 adult patients with PsO for up to 18 months.
In controlled trials, the proportion of Enbrel‑treated patients who discontinued treatment due to adverse events was approximately 4% in the indications studied.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reactions rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not predict the rates observed in clinical practice.
Infections
Infections, including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, have been observed in adult and pediatric patients. Infections have been noted in all body systems and have been reported in patients receiving Enbrel alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive agents.
In controlled portions of trials, the types and severity of infection were similar between Enbrel and the respective control group (placebo or MTX for RA and PsA patients) in RA, PsA, AS and PsO patients. Rates of infections in RA and PsO patients are provided in Table 3 and Table 4, respectively. Infections consisted primarily of upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis and influenza.
In controlled portions of trials in RA, PsA, AS and PsO, the rates of serious infection were similar (0.8% in placebo, 3.6% in MTX, and 1.4% in Enbrel/Enbrel + MTX‑treated groups). In clinical trials in rheumatologic indications, serious infections experienced by patients have included, but are not limited to, pneumonia, cellulitis, septic arthritis, bronchitis, gastroenteritis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, abscess and osteomyelitis. In clinical trials in PsO, serious infections experienced by patients have included, but are not limited to, pneumonia, cellulitis, gastroenteritis, abscess and osteomyelitis. The rate of serious infections was not increased in open‑label extension trials and was similar to that observed in Enbrel‑ and placebo‑treated patients from controlled trials.
In 66 global clinical trials of 17,505 patients (21,015 patient-years of therapy), tuberculosis was observed in approximately 0.02% of patients. In 17,696 patients (27,169 patient-years of therapy) from 38 clinical trials and 4 cohort studies in the U.S. and Canada, tuberculosis was observed in approximately 0.006% of patients. These studies include reports of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Injection Site Reactions
In placebo-controlled trials in rheumatologic indications, approximately 37% of patients treated with Enbrel developed injection site reactions. In controlled trials in patients with PsO, 15% of patients treated with Enbrel developed injection site reactions during the first 3 months of treatment. All injection site reactions were described as mild to moderate (erythema, itching, pain, swelling, bleeding, bruising) and generally did not necessitate drug discontinuation. Injection site reactions generally occurred in the first month and subsequently decreased in frequency. The mean duration of injection site reactions was 3 to 5 days. Seven percent of patients experienced redness at a previous injection site when subsequent injections were given.
Immunogenicity
Patients with RA, PsA, AS or PsO were tested at multiple time points for antibodies to etanercept. Antibodies to the TNF receptor portion or other protein components of the Enbrel drug product were detected at least once in sera of approximately 6% of adult patients with RA, PsA, AS or PsO. These antibodies were all non-neutralizing. Results from JIA patients were similar to those seen in adult RA patients treated with Enbrel.
In PsO studies that evaluated the exposure of etanercept for up to 120 weeks, the percentage of patients testing positive at the assessed time points of 24, 48, 72 and 96 weeks ranged from 3.6%-8.7% and were all non-neutralizing. The percentage of patients testing positive increased with an increase in the duration of study; however, the clinical significance of this finding is unknown. No apparent correlation of antibody development to clinical response or adverse events was observed. The immunogenicity data of Enbrel beyond 120 weeks of exposure are unknown.
The data reflect the percentage of patients whose test results were considered positive for antibodies to etanercept in an ELISA assay, and are highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of any antibody positivity in an assay is highly dependent on several factors, including assay sensitivity and specificity, assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to etanercept with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading.
Autoantibodies
Patients with RA had serum samples tested for autoantibodies at multiple time points. In RA Studies I and II, the percentage of patients evaluated for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) who developed new positive ANA (titer ≥ 1:40) was higher in patients treated with Enbrel (11%) than in placebo‑treated patients (5%). The percentage of patients who developed new positive anti‑double‑stranded DNA antibodies was also higher by radioimmunoassay (15% of patients treated with Enbrel compared to 4% of placebo‑treated patients) and by Crithidia luciliae assay (3% of patients treated with Enbrel compared to none of placebo‑treated patients). The proportion of patients treated with Enbrel who developed anticardiolipin antibodies was similarly increased compared to placebo‑treated patients. In RA Study III, no pattern of increased autoantibody development was seen in Enbrel patients compared to MTX patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
Other Adverse Reactions
Table 3 summarizes adverse reactions reported in adult RA patients. The types of adverse reactions seen in patients with PsA or AS were similar to the types of adverse reactions seen in patients with RA.
Placebo Controlled* (Studies I, II, and a Phase 2 Study) |
Active Controlled† (Study III) |
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Placebo (N = 152) |
Enbrel‡ (N = 349) |
MTX (N = 217) |
Enbrel‡ (N = 415) |
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Reaction | Percent of Patients | Percent of Patients | ||
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Infection§(total) | 39 | 50 | 86 | 81 |
Upper Respiratory Infections¶ | 30 | 38 | 70 | 65 |
Non-upper Respiratory Infections | 15 | 21 | 59 | 54 |
Injection Site Reactions | 11 | 37 | 18 | 43 |
Diarrhea | 9 | 8 | 16 | 16 |
Rash | 2 | 3 | 19 | 13 |
Pruritus | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 |
Pyrexia | - | 3 | 4 | 2 |
Urticaria | 1 | - | 4 | 2 |
Hypersensitivity | - | - | 1 | 1 |
In placebo-controlled PsO trials, the percentages of patients reporting adverse reactions in the 50 mg twice a week dose group were similar to those observed in the 25 mg twice a week dose group or placebo group.
Table 4 summarizes adverse reactions reported in adult PsO patients from Studies I and II.
Placebo (N = 359) |
Enbrel* (N = 876) |
|
Reaction | Percent of Patients | |
Infection†(total) | 28 | 27 |
Non-upper Respiratory Infections | 14 | 12 |
Upper Respiratory Infections‡ | 17 | 17 |
Injection Site Reactions | 6 | 15 |
Diarrhea | 2 | 3 |
Rash | 1 | 1 |
Pruritus | 2 | 1 |
Urticaria | - | 1 |
Hypersensitivity | - | 1 |
Pyrexia | 1 | - |
Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients
In general, the adverse reactions in pediatric patients were similar in frequency and type as those seen in adult patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5), Adverse Reactions (6), and Clinical Studies (14.2)]. The types of infections reported in pediatric patients were generally mild and consistent with those commonly seen in the general pediatric population. Two JIA patients developed varicella infection and signs and symptoms of aseptic meningitis, which resolved without sequelae.
In open-label clinical studies of children with JIA, adverse reactions reported in those ages 2 to 4 years were similar to adverse reactions reported in older children.
Adverse reactions have been reported during post approval use of Enbrel in adults and pediatric patients. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to Enbrel exposure.
Adverse reactions are listed by body system below:
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: |
pancytopenia, anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, aplastic anemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] |
Cardiac disorders: |
congestive heart failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] |
Gastrointestinal disorders: |
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
General disorders: |
angioedema, chest pain |
Hepatobiliary disorders: |
autoimmune hepatitis, elevated transaminases |
Immune disorders: |
macrophage activation syndrome, systemic vasculitis, sarcoidosis |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: |
lupus‑like syndrome |
Neoplasms benign, malignant, and unspecified: |
melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, Merkel cell carcinoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] |
Nervous system disorders: |
convulsions, multiple sclerosis, demyelination, optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, paresthesias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] |
Ocular disorders: |
uveitis, scleritis |
Respiratory, thoracic |
interstitial lung disease |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: |
cutaneous lupus erythematosus, cutaneous vasculitis (including leukocytoclastic vasculitis), erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, subcutaneous nodule, new or worsening psoriasis (all sub-types including pustular and palmoplantar) |
Opportunistic infections, including atypical mycobacterial infection, herpes zoster, aspergillosis and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, and protozoal infections have also been reported in postmarketing use.
Specific drug interaction studies have not been conducted with Enbrel.
Most PsA patients receiving Enbrel were able to mount effective B-cell immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, but titers in aggregate were moderately lower and fewer patients had 2-fold rises in titers compared to patients not receiving Enbrel. The clinical significance of this is unknown. Patients receiving Enbrel may receive concurrent vaccinations, except for live vaccines. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection by live vaccines in patients receiving Enbrel.
Patients with a significant exposure to varicella virus should temporarily discontinue Enbrel therapy and be considered for prophylactic treatment with varicella zoster immune globulin [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8, 5.10)].
In a study in which patients with active RA were treated for up to 24 weeks with concurrent Enbrel and anakinra therapy, a 7% rate of serious infections was observed, which was higher than that observed with Enbrel alone (0%) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)] and did not result in higher ACR response rates compared to Enbrel alone. The most common infections consisted of bacterial pneumonia (4 cases) and cellulitis (4 cases). One patient with pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonia died due to respiratory failure. Two percent of patients treated concurrently with Enbrel and anakinra developed neutropenia (ANC < 1 x 109/L).
In clinical studies, concurrent administration of abatacept and Enbrel resulted in increased incidences of serious adverse events, including infections, and did not demonstrate increased clinical benefit [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].
The use of Enbrel in patients receiving concurrent cyclophosphamide therapy is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)].
Patients in a clinical study who were on established therapy with sulfasalazine, to which Enbrel was added, were noted to develop a mild decrease in mean neutrophil counts in comparison to groups treated with either Enbrel or sulfasalazine alone. The clinical significance of this observation is unknown.
Pregnancy Category B. Developmental toxicity studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses ranging from 60- to 100-fold higher than the human dose and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Enbrel. There are, however, no studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Women who become pregnant during Enbrel treatment are encouraged to enroll in Amgen’s Pregnancy Surveillance Program. Patients or their physicians should call 1-800-77-AMGEN (1-800-772-6436) to enroll.
It is not known whether Enbrel is excreted in human milk or absorbed systemically after ingestion. Because many drugs and immunoglobulins are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Enbrel, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug.
Women who choose to continue Enbrel treatment while nursing are encouraged to enroll in Amgen’s Lactation Surveillance Program. Patients or their physicians should call 1-800-77-AMGEN (1-800-772-6436) to enroll.
Enbrel is indicated for treatment of polyarticular JIA in patients ages 2 years and older [see Indications and Usage (1.2), Dosage and Administration (2.3), Warnings and Precautions (5.8), Adverse Reactions (6), and Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Enbrel has not been studied in children < 2 years of age with JIA. The safety and efficacy of Enbrel in pediatric patients with PsO have not been studied.
Rare (< 0.1%) cases of IBD have been reported in JIA patients receiving Enbrel, which is not effective for the treatment of IBD [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
A total of 480 RA patients ages 65 years or older have been studied in clinical trials. In PsO randomized clinical trials, a total of 138 out of 1965 patients treated with Enbrel or placebo were age 65 or older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients, but the number of geriatric PsO patients is too small to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Because there is a higher incidence of infections in the elderly population in general, caution should be used in treating the elderly.
Toxicology studies have been performed in monkeys at doses up to 30 times the human dose with no evidence of dose-limiting toxicities. No dose-limiting toxicities have been observed during clinical trials of Enbrel. Single IV doses up to 60 mg/m2 (approximately twice the recommended dose) have been administered to healthy volunteers in an endotoxemia study without evidence of dose-limiting toxicities.
Enbrel (etanercept) is a dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kilodalton (p75) tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1. The Fc component of etanercept contains the CH2 domain, the CH3 domain and hinge region, but not the CH1 domain of IgG1. Etanercept is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mammalian cell expression system. It consists of 934 amino acids and has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150 kilodaltons.
The solution of Enbrel in the single-use prefilled syringe and the single-use prefilled SureClick autoinjector is clear and colorless, sterile, preservative-free, and is formulated at pH 6.3 ± 0.2.
Enbrel is also supplied in a multiple-use vial as a sterile, white, preservative-free, lyophilized powder. Reconstitution with 1 mL of the supplied Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol) yields a multiple-use, clear, and colorless solution with a pH of 7.4 ± 0.3.
Presentation | Active Ingredient Content | Inactive Ingredients Content |
Enbrel 50 mg prefilled syringe and SureClick autoinjector | 0.98 mL of a 50 mg/mL solution of etanercept | 1% sucrose
100 mM sodium chloride 25 mM L-arginine hydrochloride 25 mM sodium phosphate |
Enbrel 25 mg prefilled syringe | 0.51 mL of a 50 mg/mL solution of etanercept | 1% sucrose
100 mM sodium chloride 25 mM L-arginine hydrochloride 25 mM sodium phosphate |
Enbrel 25 mg multiple-use vial | 25 mg etanercept | 40 mg mannitol
10 mg sucrose 1.2 mg tromethamine |
TNF is a naturally occurring cytokine that is involved in normal inflammatory and immune responses. It plays an important role in the inflammatory processes of RA, polyarticular JIA, PsA, and AS and the resulting joint pathology. In addition, TNF plays a role in the inflammatory process of PsO. Elevated levels of TNF are found in involved tissues and fluids of patients with RA, JIA, PsA, AS, and PsO.
Two distinct receptors for TNF (TNFRs), a 55 kilodalton protein (p55) and a 75 kilodalton protein (p75), exist naturally as monomeric molecules on cell surfaces and in soluble forms. Biological activity of TNF is dependent upon binding to either cell surface TNFR.
Etanercept is a dimeric soluble form of the p75 TNF receptor that can bind TNF molecules. Etanercept inhibits binding of TNF-α and TNF-β (lymphotoxin alpha [LT-α]) to cell surface TNFRs, rendering TNF biologically inactive. In in vitro studies, large complexes of etanercept with TNF-α were not detected and cells expressing transmembrane TNF (that binds Enbrel) are not lysed in the presence or absence of complement.
Etanercept can modulate biological responses that are induced or regulated by TNF, including expression of adhesion molecules responsible for leukocyte migration (eg, E-selectin, and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1]), serum levels of cytokines (eg, IL-6), and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3 or stromelysin). Etanercept has been shown to affect several animal models of inflammation, including murine collagen-induced arthritis.
After administration of 25 mg of Enbrel by a single SC injection to 25 patients with RA, a mean ± standard deviation half‑life of 102 ± 30 hours was observed with a clearance of 160 ± 80 mL/hr. A maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of 1.1 ± 0.6 mcg/mL and time to Cmax of 69 ± 34 hours was observed in these patients following a single 25 mg dose. After 6 months of twice weekly 25 mg doses in these same RA patients, the mean Cmax was 2.4 ± 1.0 mcg/mL (N = 23). Patients exhibited a 2‑ to 7‑fold increase in peak serum concentrations and approximately 4‑fold increase in AUC0‑72 hr (range 1- to 17-fold) with repeated dosing. Serum concentrations in patients with RA have not been measured for periods of dosing that exceed 6 months. The pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with PsO were similar to those seen in patients with RA.
In another study, serum concentration profiles at steady state were comparable among patients with RA treated with 50 mg Enbrel once weekly and those treated with 25 mg Enbrel twice weekly. The mean (± standard deviation) Cmax, Cmin, and partial AUC were 2.4 ± 1.5 mcg/mL, 1.2 ± 0.7 mcg/mL, and 297 ± 166 mcg•h/mL, respectively, for patients treated with 50 mg Enbrel once weekly (N = 21); and 2.6 ± 1.2 mcg/mL, 1.4 ± 0.7 mcg/mL, and 316 ± 135 mcg•h/mL for patients treated with 25 mg Enbrel twice weekly (N = 16).
Patients with JIA (ages 4 to 17 years) were administered 0.4 mg/kg of Enbrel twice weekly (up to a maximum dose of 50 mg per week) for up to 18 weeks. The mean serum concentration after repeated SC dosing was 2.1 mcg/mL, with a range of 0.7 to 4.3 mcg/mL. Limited data suggest that the clearance of etanercept is reduced slightly in children ages 4 to 8 years. Population pharmacokinetic analyses predict that the pharmacokinetic differences between the regimens of 0.4 mg/kg twice weekly and 0.8 mg/kg once weekly in JIA patients are of the same magnitude as the differences observed between twice weekly and weekly regimens in adult RA patients.
In clinical studies with Enbrel, pharmacokinetic parameters were not different between men and women and did not vary with age in adult patients. The pharmacokinetics of etanercept were unaltered by concomitant MTX in RA patients. No formal pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted to examine the effects of renal or hepatic impairment on etanercept disposition.
The safety and efficacy of Enbrel were assessed in four randomized, double-blind, controlled studies. The results of all four trials were expressed in percentage of patients with improvement in RA using ACR response criteria.
Study I evaluated 234 patients with active RA who were ≥ 18 years old, had failed therapy with at least one but no more than four disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (eg, hydroxychloroquine, oral or injectable gold, MTX, azathioprine, D-penicillamine, sulfasalazine), and had ≥ 12 tender joints, ≥ 10 swollen joints, and either erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≥ 28 mm/hr, C-reactive protein (CRP) > 2.0 mg/dL, or morning stiffness for ≥ 45 minutes. Doses of 10 mg or 25 mg Enbrel or placebo were administered SC twice a week for 6 consecutive months.
Study II evaluated 89 patients and had similar inclusion criteria to Study I except that patients in Study II had additionally received MTX for at least 6 months with a stable dose (12.5 to 25 mg/week) for at least 4 weeks and they had at least 6 tender or painful joints. Patients in Study II received a dose of 25 mg Enbrel or placebo SC twice a week for 6 months in addition to their stable MTX dose.
Study III compared the efficacy of Enbrel to MTX in patients with active RA. This study evaluated 632 patients who were ≥ 18 years old with early (≤ 3 years disease duration) active RA, had never received treatment with MTX, and had ≥ 12 tender joints, ≥ 10 swollen joints, and either ESR ≥ 28 mm/hr, CRP > 2.0 mg/dL, or morning stiffness for ≥ 45 minutes. Doses of 10 mg or 25 mg Enbrel were administered SC twice a week for 12 consecutive months. The study was unblinded after all patients had completed at least 12 months (and a median of 17.3 months) of therapy. The majority of patients remained in the study on the treatment to which they were randomized through 2 years, after which they entered an extension study and received open-label 25 mg Enbrel. MTX tablets (escalated from 7.5 mg/week to a maximum of 20 mg/week over the first 8 weeks of the trial) or placebo tablets were given once a week on the same day as the injection of placebo or Enbrel doses, respectively.
Study IV evaluated 682 adult patients with active RA of 6 months to 20 years duration (mean of 7 years) who had an inadequate response to at least one DMARD other than MTX. Forty-three percent of patients had previously received MTX for a mean of 2 years prior to the trial at a mean dose of 12.9 mg. Patients were excluded from this study if MTX had been discontinued for lack of efficacy or for safety considerations. The patient baseline characteristics were similar to those of patients in Study I. Patients were randomized to MTX alone (7.5 to 20 mg weekly, dose escalated as described for Study III; median dose 20 mg), Enbrel alone (25 mg twice weekly), or the combination of Enbrel and MTX initiated concurrently (at the same doses as above). The study evaluated ACR response, Sharp radiographic score, and safety.
Clinical Response
A higher percentage of patients treated with Enbrel and Enbrel in combination with MTX achieved ACR 20, ACR 50, and ACR 70 responses and Major Clinical Responses than in the comparison groups. The results of Studies I, II, and III are summarized in Table 6. The results of Study IV are summarized in Table 7.
Placebo Controlled | Active Controlled | ||||||||
Study I | Study II | Study III | |||||||
Placebo | Enbrel* | MTX/Placebo | MTX/Enbrel* | MTX | Enbrel* | ||||
Response | N = 80 | N = 78 | N = 30 | N = 59 | N = 217 | N = 207 | |||
ACR 20 | |||||||||
Month 3 | 23% | 62%† | 33% | 66%† | 56% | 62% | |||
Month 6 | 11% | 59%† | 27% | 71%† | 58% | 65% | |||
Month 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 65% | 72% | |||
ACR 50 | |||||||||
Month 3 | 8% | 41%† | 0% | 42%† | 24% | 29% | |||
Month 6 | 5% | 40%† | 3% | 39%† | 32% | 40% | |||
Month 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 43% | 49% | |||
ACR 70 | |||||||||
Month 3 | 4% | 15%† | 0% | 15%† | 7% | 13%‡ | |||
Month 6 | 1% | 15%† | 0% | 15%† | 14% | 21%‡ | |||
Month 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 22% | 25% |
Endpoint | MTX (N = 228) | Enbrel (N = 223) | Enbrel/MTX (N = 231) |
ACR N*,† | |||
Month 12 | 40% | 47% | 63%‡ |
ACR 20 | |||
Month 12 | 59% | 66% | 75%‡ |
ACR 50 | |||
Month 12 | 36% | 43% | 63%‡ |
ACR 70 | |||
Month 12 | 17% | 22% | 40%‡ |
Major Clinical Response§ | 6% | 10% | 24%‡ |
The time course for ACR 20 response rates for patients receiving placebo or 25 mg Enbrel in Studies I and II is summarized in Figure 1. The time course of responses to Enbrel in Study III was similar.
Figure 1: Time Course of ACR 20 Responses
Among patients receiving Enbrel, the clinical responses generally appeared within 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of therapy and nearly always occurred by 3 months. A dose response was seen in Studies I and III: 25 mg Enbrel was more effective than 10 mg (10 mg was not evaluated in Study II). Enbrel was significantly better than placebo in all components of the ACR criteria as well as other measures of RA disease activity not included in the ACR response criteria, such as morning stiffness.
In Study III, ACR response rates and improvement in all the individual ACR response criteria were maintained through 24 months of Enbrel therapy. Over the 2‑year study, 23% of Enbrel patients achieved a major clinical response, defined as maintenance of an ACR 70 response over a 6‑month period.
The results of the components of the ACR response criteria for Study I are shown in Table 8. Similar results were observed for Enbrel‑treated patients in Studies II and III.
Placebo N = 80 | Enbrel *
N = 78 |
|||
Parameter (median) | Baseline | 3 Months | Baseline | 3 Months† |
|
||||
Number of tender joints‡ | 34.0 | 29.5 | 31.2 | 10.0§ |
Number of swollen joints¶ | 24.0 | 22.0 | 23.5 | 12.6§ |
Physician global assessment# | 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 3.0§ |
Patient global assessment# | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 3.0§ |
Pain# | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 2.4§ |
Disability indexÞ | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.0§ |
ESR (mm/hr) | 31.0 | 32.0 | 28.0 | 15.5§ |
CRP (mg/dL) | 2.8 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 0.9§ |
After discontinuation of Enbrel, symptoms of arthritis generally returned within a month. Reintroduction of treatment with Enbrel after discontinuations of up to 18 months resulted in the same magnitudes of response as in patients who received Enbrel without interruption of therapy, based on results of open‑label studies.
Continued durable responses were seen for over 60 months in open‑label extension treatment trials when patients received Enbrel without interruption. A substantial number of patients who initially received concomitant MTX or corticosteroids were able to reduce their doses or discontinue these concomitant therapies while maintaining their clinical responses.
Physical Function Response
In Studies I, II, and III, physical function and disability were assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Additionally, in Study III, patients were administered the SF‑36 Health Survey. In Studies I and II, patients treated with 25 mg Enbrel twice weekly showed greater improvement from baseline in the HAQ score beginning in month 1 through month 6 in comparison to placebo (p < 0.001) for the HAQ disability domain (where 0 = none and 3 = severe). In Study I, the mean improvement in the HAQ score from baseline to month 6 was 0.6 (from 1.6 to 1.0) for the 25 mg Enbrel group and 0 (from 1.7 to 1.7) for the placebo group. In Study II, the mean improvement from baseline to month 6 was 0.6 (from 1.5 to 0.9) for the Enbrel/MTX group and 0.2 (from 1.3 to 1.2) for the placebo/MTX group. In Study III, the mean improvement in the HAQ score from baseline to month 6 was 0.7 (from 1.5 to 0.7) for 25 mg Enbrel twice weekly. All subdomains of the HAQ in Studies I and III were improved in patients treated with Enbrel.
In Study III, patients treated with 25 mg Enbrel twice weekly showed greater improvement from baseline in SF‑36 physical component summary score compared to Enbrel 10 mg twice weekly and no worsening in the SF‑36 mental component summary score. In open‑label Enbrel studies, improvements in physical function and disability measures have been maintained for up to 4 years.
In Study IV, median HAQ scores improved from baseline levels of 1.8, 1.8, and 1.8 to 1.1, 1.0, and 0.6 at 12 months in the MTX, Enbrel, and Enbrel/MTX combination treatment groups, respectively (combination versus both MTX and Enbrel, p < 0.01). Twenty-nine percent of patients in the MTX alone treatment group had an improvement of HAQ of at least 1 unit versus 40% and 51% in the Enbrel alone and the Enbrel/MTX combination treatment groups, respectively.
Radiographic Response
In Study III, structural joint damage was assessed radiographically and expressed as change in Total Sharp Score (TSS) and its components, the erosion score and joint space narrowing (JSN) score. Radiographs of hands/wrists and forefeet were obtained at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months and scored by readers who were unaware of treatment group. The results are shown in Table 9. A significant difference for change in erosion score was observed at 6 months and maintained at 12 months.
MTX | 25 mg Enbrel |
MTX/Enbrel (95% Confidence Interval*) | P Value | ||
|
|||||
12 Months | Total Sharp Score | 1.59 | 1.00 | 0.59 (-0.12, 1.30) | 0.1 |
Erosion Score | 1.03 | 0.47 | 0.56 (0.11, 1.00) | 0.002 | |
JSN Score | 0.56 | 0.52 | 0.04 (-0.39, 0.46) | 0.5 | |
6 Months | Total Sharp Score | 1.06 | 0.57 | 0.49 (0.06, 0.91) | 0.001 |
Erosion Score | 0.68 | 0.30 | 0.38 (0.09, 0.66) | 0.001 | |
JSN Score | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.11 (-0.14, 0.35) | 0.6 |
Patients continued on the therapy to which they were randomized for the second year of Study III. Seventy-two percent of patients had x-rays obtained at 24 months. Compared to the patients in the MTX group, greater inhibition of progression in TSS and erosion score was seen in the 25 mg Enbrel group, and, in addition, less progression was noted in the JSN score.
In the open-label extension of Study III, 48% of the original patients treated with 25 mg Enbrel have been evaluated radiographically at 5 years. Patients had continued inhibition of structural damage, as measured by the TSS, and 55% of them had no progression of structural damage. Patients originally treated with MTX had further reduction in radiographic progression once they began treatment with Enbrel.
In Study IV, less radiographic progression (TSS) was observed with Enbrel in combination with MTX compared with Enbrel alone or MTX alone at month 12 (Table 10). In the MTX treatment group, 55% of patients experienced no radiographic progression (TSS change ≤ 0.0) at 12 months compared to 63% and 76% in the Enbrel alone and the Enbrel/MTX combination treatment groups, respectively.
MTX (N = 212)* | Enbrel (N = 212)* | Enbrel/MTX (N = 218)* |
|
Total Sharp Score (TSS) | 2.80 (1.08, 4.51) | 0.52†
(-0.10, 1.15) | -0.54‡,§
(-1.00, -0.07) |
Erosion Score (ES) | 1.68 (0.61, 2.74) | 0.21†
(-0.20, 0.61) | -0.30‡
(-0.65, 0.04) |
Joint Space Narrowing (JSN) Score | 1.12 (0.34, 1.90) | 0.32 (0.00, 0.63) | -0.23‡,§
(-0.45, -0.02) |
Once Weekly Dosing
The safety and efficacy of 50 mg Enbrel (two 25 mg SC injections) administered once weekly were evaluated in a double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study of 420 patients with active RA. Fifty‑three patients received placebo, 214 patients received 50 mg Enbrel once weekly, and 153 patients received 25 mg Enbrel twice weekly. The safety and efficacy profiles of the two Enbrel treatment groups were similar.
The safety and efficacy of Enbrel were assessed in a 2-part study in 69 children with polyarticular JIA who had a variety of JIA onset types. Patients ages 2 to 17 years with moderately to severely active polyarticular JIA refractory to or intolerant of MTX were enrolled; patients remained on a stable dose of a single nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and/or prednisone (≤ 0.2 mg/kg/day or 10 mg maximum). In part 1, all patients received 0.4 mg/kg (maximum 25 mg per dose) Enbrel SC twice weekly. In part 2, patients with a clinical response at day 90 were randomized to remain on Enbrel or receive placebo for 4 months and assessed for disease flare. Responses were measured using the JIA Definition of Improvement (DOI), defined as ≥ 30% improvement in at least three of six and ≥ 30% worsening in no more than one of the six JIA core set criteria, including active joint count, limitation of motion, physician and patient/parent global assessments, functional assessment, and ESR. Disease flare was defined as a ≥ 30% worsening in three of the six JIA core set criteria and ≥ 30% improvement in not more than one of the six JIA core set criteria and a minimum of two active joints.
In part 1 of the study, 51 of 69 (74%) patients demonstrated a clinical response and entered part 2. In part 2, 6 of 25 (24%) patients remaining on Enbrel experienced a disease flare compared to 20 of 26 (77%) patients receiving placebo (p = 0.007). From the start of part 2, the median time to flare was ≥ 116 days for patients who received Enbrel and 28 days for patients who received placebo. Each component of the JIA core set criteria worsened in the arm that received placebo and remained stable or improved in the arm that continued on Enbrel. The data suggested the possibility of a higher flare rate among those patients with a higher baseline ESR. Of patients who demonstrated a clinical response at 90 days and entered part 2 of the study, some of the patients remaining on Enbrel continued to improve from month 3 through month 7, while those who received placebo did not improve.
The majority of JIA patients who developed a disease flare in part 2 and reintroduced Enbrel treatment up to 4 months after discontinuation re-responded to Enbrel therapy in open-label studies. Most of the responding patients who continued Enbrel therapy without interruption have maintained responses for up to 48 months.
Studies have not been done in patients with polyarticular JIA to assess the effects of continued Enbrel therapy in patients who do not respond within 3 months of initiating Enbrel therapy, or to assess the combination of Enbrel with MTX.
The safety and efficacy of Enbrel were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 205 patients with PsA. Patients were between 18 and 70 years of age and had active PsA (≥ 3 swollen joints and ≥ 3 tender joints) in one or more of the following forms: (1) distal interphalangeal (DIP) involvement (N = 104); (2) polyarticular arthritis (absence of rheumatoid nodules and presence of psoriasis; N = 173); (3) arthritis mutilans (N = 3); (4) asymmetric psoriatic arthritis (N = 81); or (5) ankylosing spondylitis-like (N = 7). Patients also had plaque psoriasis with a qualifying target lesion ≥ 2 cm in diameter. Patients on MTX therapy at enrollment (stable for ≥ 2 months) could continue at a stable dose of ≤ 25 mg/week MTX. Doses of 25 mg Enbrel or placebo were administered SC twice a week during the initial 6-month double-blind period of the study. Patients continued to receive blinded therapy in an up to 6-month maintenance period until all patients had completed the controlled period. Following this, patients received open-label 25 mg Enbrel twice a week in a 12-month extension period.
Compared to placebo, treatment with Enbrel resulted in significant improvements in measures of disease activity (Table 11).
Placebo N = 104 |
Enbrel* N = 101 |
|||
Parameter (median) | Baseline | 6 Months | Baseline | 6 Months |
|
||||
Number of tender joints † | 17.0 | 13.0 | 18.0 | 5.0 |
Number of swollen joints‡ | 12.5 | 9.5 | 13.0 | 5.0 |
Physician global assessment§ | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 |
Patient global assessment§ | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 |
Morning stiffness (minutes) | 60 | 60 | 60 | 15 |
Pain§ | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 |
Disability index¶ | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
CRP (mg/dL)# | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.2 |
Among patients with PsA who received Enbrel, the clinical responses were apparent at the time of the first visit (4 weeks) and were maintained through 6 months of therapy. Responses were similar in patients who were or were not receiving concomitant MTX therapy at baseline. At 6 months, the ACR 20/50/70 responses were achieved by 50%, 37%, and 9%, respectively, of patients receiving Enbrel, compared to 13%, 4%, and 1%, respectively, of patients receiving placebo. Similar responses were seen in patients with each of the subtypes of PsA, although few patients were enrolled with the arthritis mutilans and ankylosing spondylitis-like subtypes. The results of this study were similar to those seen in an earlier single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 60 patients with PsA.
The skin lesions of psoriasis were also improved with Enbrel, relative to placebo, as measured by percentages of patients achieving improvements in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Responses increased over time, and at 6 months, the proportions of patients achieving a 50% or 75% improvement in the PASI were 47% and 23%, respectively, in the Enbrel group (N = 66), compared to 18% and 3%, respectively, in the placebo group (N = 62). Responses were similar in patients who were or were not receiving concomitant MTX therapy at baseline.
Radiographic Response
Radiographic changes were also assessed in the PsA study. Radiographs of hands and wrists were obtained at baseline and months 6, 12, and 24. A modified Total Sharp Score (TSS), which included distal interphalangeal joints (ie, not identical to the modified TSS used for RA) was used by readers blinded to treatment group to assess the radiographs. Some radiographic features specific to PsA (eg, pencil-and-cup deformity, joint space widening, gross osteolysis, and ankylosis) were included in the scoring system, but others (eg, phalangeal tuft resorption, juxta-articular and shaft periostitis) were not.
Most patients showed little or no change in the modified TSS during this 24-month study (median change of 0 in both patients who initially received Enbrel or placebo). More placebo-treated patients experienced larger magnitudes of radiographic worsening (increased TSS) compared to Enbrel treatment during the controlled period of the study. At 12 months, in an exploratory analysis, 12% (12 of 104) of placebo patients compared to none of the 101 Enbrel-treated patients had increases of 3 points or more in TSS. Inhibition of radiographic progression was maintained in patients who continued on Enbrel during the second year. Of the patients with 1-year and 2-year x-rays, 3% (2 of 71) had increases of 3 points or more in TSS at 1 and 2 years.
Physical Function Response
In the PsA study, physical function and disability were assessed using the HAQ Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and the SF-36 Health Survey. Patients treated with 25 mg Enbrel twice weekly showed greater improvement from baseline in the HAQ-DI score (mean decreases of 54% at both months 3 and 6) in comparison to placebo (mean decreases of 6% at both months 3 and 6) (p < 0.001). At months 3 and 6, patients treated with Enbrel showed greater improvement from baseline in the SF-36 physical component summary score compared to patients treated with placebo, and no worsening in the SF-36 mental component summary score. Improvements in physical function and disability measures were maintained for up to 2 years through the open-label portion of the study.
The safety and efficacy of Enbrel were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 277 patients with active AS. Patients were between 18 and 70 years of age and had AS as defined by the modified New York Criteria for Ankylosing Spondylitis. Patients were to have evidence of active disease based on values of ≥ 30 on a 0-100 unit Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the average of morning stiffness duration and intensity, and two of the following three other parameters: a) patient global assessment, b) average of nocturnal and total back pain, and c) the average score on the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Patients with complete ankylosis of the spine were excluded from study participation. Patients taking hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, or prednisone (≤ 10 mg/day) could continue these drugs at stable doses for the duration of the study. Doses of 25 mg Enbrel or placebo were administered SC twice a week for 6 months.
The primary measure of efficacy was a 20% improvement in the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS) response criteria. Compared to placebo, treatment with Enbrel resulted in improvements in the ASAS and other measures of disease activity (Figure 2 and Table 12).
Figure 2. ASAS 20 Responses in Ankylosing Spondylitis
At 12 weeks, the ASAS 20/50/70 responses were achieved by 60%, 45%, and 29%, respectively, of patients receiving Enbrel, compared to 27%, 13%, and 7%, respectively, of patients receiving placebo (p ≤ 0.0001, Enbrel vs placebo). Similar responses were seen at week 24. Responses were similar between those patients receiving concomitant therapies at baseline and those who were not. The results of this study were similar to those seen in a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 40 patients and a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 84 patients with AS.
Placebo N = 139 |
Enbrel* N = 138 |
|||
Median values at time points | Baseline | 6 Months | Baseline | 6 Months |
|
||||
ASAS response criteria | ||||
Patient global assessment† | 63 | 56 | 63 | 36 |
Back pain‡ | 62 | 56 | 60 | 34 |
BASFI§ | 56 | 55 | 52 | 36 |
Inflammation¶ | 64 | 57 | 61 | 33 |
Acute phase reactants | ||||
CRP (mg/dL)# | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.6 |
Spinal mobility (cm): | ||||
Modified Schober’s test | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
Chest expansion | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 |
Occiput-to-wall measurement | 5.3 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 4.5 |
The safety and efficacy of Enbrel were assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in adults with chronic stable PsO involving ≥ 10% of the body surface area, a minimum Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score of 10 and who had received or were candidates for systemic antipsoriatic therapy or phototherapy. Patients with guttate, erythrodermic, or pustular psoriasis and patients with severe infections within 4 weeks of screening were excluded from study. No concomitant major antipsoriatic therapies were allowed during the study.
Study I evaluated 672 patients who received placebo or Enbrel SC at doses of 25 mg once a week, 25 mg twice a week, or 50 mg twice a week for 3 months. After 3 months, patients continued on blinded treatments for an additional 3 months during which time patients originally randomized to placebo began treatment with blinded Enbrel at 25 mg twice weekly (designated as placebo/Enbrel in Table 13); patients originally randomized to Enbrel continued on the originally randomized dose (designated as Enbrel/Enbrel groups in Table 13).
Study II evaluated 611 patients who received placebo or Enbrel SC at doses of 25 mg or 50 mg twice a week for 3 months. After 3 months of randomized, blinded treatment, patients in all three arms began receiving open-label Enbrel at 25 mg twice weekly for 9 additional months.
Response to treatment in both studies was assessed after 3 months of therapy and was defined as the proportion of patients who achieved a reduction in PASI score of at least 75% from baseline. The PASI is a composite score that takes into consideration both the fraction of body surface area affected and the nature and severity of psoriatic changes within the affected regions (induration, erythema and scaling).
Other evaluated outcomes included the proportion of patients who achieved a score of “clear” or “minimal” by the Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) and the proportion of patients with a reduction of PASI of at least 50% from baseline. The sPGA is a 6-category scale ranging from “5 = severe” to “0 = none” indicating the physician’s overall assessment of the PsO severity focusing on induration, erythema and scaling. Treatment success of “clear” or “minimal” consisted of none or minimal elevation in plaque, up to faint red coloration in erythema and none or minimal fine scale over < 5% of the plaque.
Patients in all treatment groups and in both studies had a median baseline PASI score ranging from 15 to 17, and the percentage of patients with baseline sPGA classifications ranged from 54% to 66% for moderate, 17% to 26% for marked and 1% to 5% for severe. Across all treatment groups, the percentage of patients who previously received systemic therapy for PsO ranged from 61% to 65% in Study I and 71% to 75% in Study II, and those who previously received phototherapy ranged from 44% to 50% in Study I and 72% to 73% in Study II.
More patients randomized to Enbrel than placebo achieved at least a 75% reduction from baseline PASI score (PASI 75) with a dose response relationship across doses of 25 mg once a week, 25 mg twice a week, and 50 mg twice a week (Tables 13 and 14). The individual components of the PASI (induration, erythema and scaling) contributed comparably to the overall treatment-associated improvement in PASI.
Enbrel/Enbrel | ||||
Placebo/Enbrel 25 mg BIW (N = 168) | 25 mg QW
(N = 169) | 25 mg BIW
(N = 167) | 50 mg BIW
(N = 168) |
|
3 Months | ||||
PASI 75 n (%) | 6 (4%) | 23 (14%)* | 53 (32%)† | 79 (47%)† |
Difference (95% CI) | 10% (4, 16) | 28% (21, 36) | 43% (35, 52) | |
sPGA, “clear” or “minimal” n (%) | 8 (5%) | 36 (21%)† | 53 (32%)† | 79 (47%)† |
Difference (95% CI) | 17% (10, 24) | 27% (19, 35) | 42% (34, 50) | |
PASI 50 n (%) | 24 (14%) | 62 (37%)† | 90 (54%)† | 119 (71%)† |
Difference (95% CI) | 22% (13, 31) | 40% (30, 49) | 57% (48, 65) | |
6 Months | ||||
PASI 75 n (%) | 55 (33%) | 36 (21%) | 68 (41%) | 90 (54%) |
Placebo (N = 204) | Enbrel | ||
25 mg BIW | 50 mg BIW (N = 203) |
||
|
|||
PASI 75 n (%) | 6 (3%) | 66 (32%)* | 94 (46%)* |
Difference (95% CI) | 29% (23, 36) | 43% (36, 51) | |
sPGA,“clear” or “minimal” n (%) | 7 (3%) | 75 (37%)* | 109 (54%)* |
Difference (95% CI) | 34% (26, 41) | 50% (43, 58) | |
PASI 50 n (%) | 18 (9%) | 124 (61%)* | 147 (72%)* |
Difference (95% CI) | 52% (44, 60) | 64% (56, 71) |
Among PASI 75 achievers in both studies, the median time to PASI 50 and PASI 75 was approximately 1 month and approximately 2 months, respectively, after the start of therapy with either 25 or 50 mg twice a week.
In Study I, patients who achieved PASI 75 at month 6 were entered into a study drug withdrawal and retreatment period. Following withdrawal of study drug, these patients had a median duration of PASI 75 of between 1 and 2 months.
In Study I, among patients who were PASI 75 responders at 3 months, retreatment with their original blinded Enbrel dose after discontinuation of up to 5 months resulted in a similar proportion of responders as in the initial double-blind portion of the study.
In Study II, most patients initially randomized to 50 mg twice a week continued in the study after month 3 and had their Enbrel dose decreased to 25 mg twice a week. Of the 91 patients who were PASI 75 responders at month 3, 70 (77%) maintained their PASI 75 response at month 6.
Administration of one 50 mg Enbrel prefilled syringe or one Enbrel SureClick autoinjector provides a dose equivalent to two 25 mg Enbrel prefilled syringes or two multiple-use vials of lyophilized Enbrel, when vials are reconstituted and administered as recommended.
Each Enbrel single-use prefilled syringe and Enbrel single-use prefilled SureClick autoinjector contains 50 mg/mL of etanercept in a single-dose syringe with a 27-gauge, ½-inch needle.
50 mg single-use prefilled syringe | Carton of 4 | NDC 58406-435-04 |
50 mg single-use prefilled SureClick autoinjector | Carton of 4 | NDC 58406-445-04 |
25 mg single-use prefilled syringe | Carton of 4 | NDC 58406-455-04 |
Do not use Enbrel beyond the expiration date stamped on the carton or barrel label. Enbrel must be refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE. Keep the product in the original carton to protect from light until the time of use. Do not shake.
Enbrel multiple-use vial is supplied in a carton containing four dose trays. Each dose tray contains one 25 mg vial of etanercept, one diluent syringe (1 mL Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP, containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol), one 27-gauge ½-inch needle, one vial adapter, and one plunger. Each carton contains four “Mixing Date:” stickers.
25 mg multiple-use vial | Carton of 4 | NDC 58406-425-34 |
Do not use a dose tray beyond the expiration date stamped on the dose tray label. The dose tray containing Enbrel (sterile powder) must be refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE.
Patients or their caregivers should be provided the Enbrel “Medication Guide” and provided an opportunity to read it and ask questions prior to initiation of therapy. The healthcare provider should ask the patient questions to determine any risk factors for treatment. Patients developing signs and symptoms of infection should seek medical evaluation immediately.
Patients should be advised of the potential benefits and risks of Enbrel. Physicians should instruct their patients to read the Medication Guide before starting Enbrel therapy and to reread each time the prescription is renewed.
Infections
Inform patients that Enbrel may lower the ability of their immune system to fight infections. Advise patients of the importance of contacting their doctor if they develop any symptoms of infection, tuberculosis or reactivation of hepatitis B virus infections.
Other Medical Conditions
Advise patients to report any signs of new or worsening medical conditions, such as central nervous system demyelinating disorders, heart failure or autoimmune disorders, such as lupus-like syndrome or autoimmune hepatitis. Counsel about the risk of lymphoma and other malignancies while receiving Enbrel. Advise patients to report any symptoms suggestive of a pancytopenia, such as bruising, bleeding, persistent fever or pallor.
Allergic Reactions
Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if they experience any symptoms of severe allergic reactions. Advise latex-sensitive patients that the following components contain dry natural rubber (a derivative of latex), which should not be handled by persons sensitive to latex: the needle cover of the prefilled syringe and the needle cover within the needle cap of the SureClick autoinjector.
If a patient or caregiver is to administer Enbrel, the patient or caregiver should be instructed in injection techniques and how to measure and administer the correct dose [see the Enbrel (etanercept) “Instructions for Use” insert]. The first injection should be performed under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. The patient’s or caregiver’s ability to inject subcutaneously should be assessed. Patients and caregivers should be instructed in the technique, as well as proper syringe and needle disposal, and be cautioned against reuse of needles and syringes.
A puncture-resistant container for disposal of needles, syringes and autoinjectors should be used. If the product is intended for multiple use, additional syringes, needles and alcohol swabs will be required.
Patients can be advised to call 1-888-4ENBREL (1-888-436-2735) or visit www.enbrel.com for more information about Enbrel.
[Amgen Logo]
[Pfizer Logo]
Enbrel® (etanercept)
Manufactured by:
Immunex Corporation
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799
U.S. License Number 1132
Marketed by Amgen Inc. and Pfizer Inc.
Patents covering methods, vectors and/or host cells for making the product or methods for using the product:
U.S. Patent Nos. 7,915,225; 5,605,690; Re. 36,755.
© 1998-2012 Immunex Corporation. All rights reserved.
1XXXXXX - v50
PMV50
Enbrel® (en-brel)
(etanercept)
Read the Medication Guide that comes with Enbrel before you start using it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This Medication Guide does not take the place of talking with your doctor about your medical condition or treatment. It is important to remain under your doctor’s care while using Enbrel.
Enbrel is a prescription medicine called a Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) blocker that affects your immune system.
What is the most important information I should know about Enbrel?
Enbrel may cause serious side effects, including:
1. Risk of Infection
2. Risk of Cancer
1. Risk of infection
Enbrel can lower the ability of your immune system to fight infections. Some people have serious infections while taking Enbrel. These infections include tuberculosis (TB), and infections caused by viruses, fungi, or bacteria that spread throughout their body. Some people have died from these infections.
You should not start taking Enbrel if you have any kind of infection unless your doctor says it is okay.
2. Risk of cancer
Before starting Enbrel, be sure to talk to your doctor:
Enbrel may not be right for you. Before starting Enbrel, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including:
Infections – tell your doctor if you:
Also, BEFORE starting Enbrel, tell your doctor:
Keep a list of all your medications with you to show your doctor and pharmacist each time you get a new medicine. Ask your doctor if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.
Other important medical information you should tell your doctor BEFORE starting Enbrel, includes if you:
See the section “What are the possible side effects of Enbrel?” below for more information.
What is Enbrel?
Enbrel is a prescription medicine called a Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) blocker.
Enbrel is used to treat:
You may continue to use other medicines that help treat your condition while taking Enbrel, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prescription steroids, as recommended by your doctor.
Enbrel can help reduce joint damage and the signs and symptoms of the above mentioned diseases. People with these diseases have too much of a protein called tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is made by your immune system. Enbrel can reduce the effect of TNF in the body and block the damage that too much TNF can cause, but it can also lower the ability of your immune system to fight infections. See “What is the most important information I should know about Enbrel?” and “What are the possible side effects of Enbrel?”
Who should not use Enbrel?
Do not use Enbrel if you:
How should I use Enbrel?
What are the possible side effects of Enbrel?
See "What is the most important information I should know about Enbrel?"
Enbrel can cause serious side effects, including:
Common side effects of Enbrel include:
These are not all the side effects with Enbrel. Tell your doctor about any side effect that bothers you or does not go away.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store Enbrel?
General Information about Enbrel
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes not mentioned in a Medication Guide. Do not use Enbrel for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Enbrel to other people, even if they have the same condition. It may harm them.
This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about Enbrel. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about Enbrel that was written for healthcare professionals. For more information, call 1-888-4ENBREL (1-888-436-2735).
What are the ingredients in Enbrel?
Single-use Prefilled Syringe and the Single-use Prefilled SureClick Autoinjector:
Active Ingredient: etanercept
Inactive Ingredients: sucrose, sodium chloride, L-arginine hydrochloride and sodium phosphate
Multiple-use Vial:
Active Ingredient: etanercept
Inactive Ingredients: mannitol, sucrose, tromethamine
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
[Amgen Logo]
[Pfizer Logo]
Manufactured by:
Immunex Corporation
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799
Marketed by Amgen Inc. and Pfizer Inc.
© 1998-2012 Immunex Corporation. All rights reserved.
1XXXXXX - v8
Revised: 12/2012
PMV8
Enbrel® (en-brel)
(etanercept)
Single-use Prefilled Syringe
How do I prepare and give an injection with Enbrel Single-use Prefilled Syringe?
There are 2 types of Enbrel single-use prefilled syringes:
Your doctor will tell you which one to use.
A 50 mg dose can be given as one injection using a 50 mg single-use prefilled syringe or as two injections using 25 mg single-use prefilled syringes. Your doctor will tell you whether the two injections with 25 mg single-use prefilled syringes should be given on the same day once a week or on two different days (3 or 4 days apart) in the same week.
Children must weigh at least 138 pounds to use the Enbrel 50 mg single-use prefilled syringe. Children who weigh less than 138 pounds should use a different form of Enbrel. The Enbrel 25 mg single-use prefilled syringe should NOT be used in pediatric patients weighing less than 68 pounds.
IMPORTANT: The needle cover on the single-use prefilled syringe is composed of dry natural rubber, which is made from latex. Tell your doctor if you are allergic to latex.
STEP 1: Setting Up for an Injection
STEP 2: Choosing and Preparing an Injection Site
STEP 3: Injecting Enbrel Using a Prefilled Syringe
Do NOT remove the needle cover from the prefilled syringe until you are ready to inject.
Pick up the prefilled syringe from your flat work surface. Hold the barrel of the prefilled syringe with one hand and pull the needle cover straight off. To avoid damaging the needle, do NOT twist or bend the needle cover while you are removing it, and do NOT try to put the needle cover back onto the prefilled syringe.
When you remove the needle cover, there may be a drop of liquid at the end of the needle; this is normal. Do NOT touch the needle or allow it to touch any surface. Do NOT touch or bump the plunger. Doing so could cause the liquid to leak out.
When the needle is completely inserted into the skin, let go of the skin that you are holding. With your free hand, hold the syringe near its base to stabilize it. Then push the plunger to inject all of the Enbrel solution at a slow, steady rate.
When the syringe is empty, pull the needle out of the skin, being careful to keep it at the same angle as inserted. There may be a little bleeding at the injection site. You can press a cotton ball or gauze over the injection site for 10 seconds. Do NOT rub the injection site. If needed, you may cover the injection site with a bandage.
STEP 4: Disposing of Supplies
The syringe should NEVER be reused. NEVER recap a needle.
Dispose of the used syringe as instructed by your healthcare provider, or by following these steps:
A healthcare provider familiar with Enbrel should answer all questions. Call 1-888-4ENBREL (1-888-436-2735) or visit www.enbrel.com for more information about Enbrel.
These Instructions for Use have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
[Amgen Logo]
[Pfizer Logo]
Manufactured by:
Immunex Corporation
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799
Marketed by Amgen Inc. and Pfizer Inc.
© 1998 – 2012 Immunex Corporation. All rights reserved.
1XXXXXX - v4
Revised: 12/2012
PMV4
Enbrel® (en-brel)
(etanercept)
Multiple-use Vial
How do I prepare and give an injection with Enbrel Multiple-use Vial?
A multiple-use vial contains 25 mg of Enbrel.
STEP 1: Setting Up for an Injection
STEP 2: Preparing the Enbrel Solution
There are two methods for preparing the Enbrel solution. For some children, one vial of Enbrel solution can be used for more than one dose. The free-hand method should be used for children on Enbrel who are using one vial of Enbrel solution for more than one dose. You should not use the vial adapter method if you will be using the vial more than once. Ask your healthcare provider if you have questions about which method to use.
Adult patients and larger children on Enbrel may use the vial adapter device to assist with mixing the powder with the liquid and withdrawing Enbrel, and then use a 27-gauge needle to inject the dose. This method should not be used for children using multiple doses from the same vial of Enbrel. The instructions for using the vial adapter method are in STEP 2A.
In the free-hand method, a 25-gauge needle is used to assist with mixing the powder with the liquid and withdrawing Enbrel, and a 27-gauge needle is used to inject the dose. Obtain 25-gauge needles from your healthcare provider. Instructions for using the free-hand method are in STEP 2B.
The instructions for preparing additional doses from the same vial of Enbrel solution are in STEP 3. For each additional dose, you will need two new needles (one 25-gauge needle to withdraw the solution and one 27-gauge needle for injection) and one new empty syringe (1 mL). NEVER REUSE A SYRINGE OR NEEDLE.
If you are using the vial of Enbrel for more than one dose, you should write the date you mixed the powder and liquid in the area marked “Mixing Date:” on the sticker supplied with these instructions, and attach the sticker to the Enbrel vial.
After you have withdrawn the dose of Enbrel that you need, store the Enbrel vial (in the dose tray) in the refrigerator at 36° to 46°F (2° to 8°C) as soon as possible, but always within 4 hours of mixing the solution. Do NOT freeze. If you have any questions about storage, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist, or call 1-888-4ENBREL (1-888-436-2735) for further instructions.
The Enbrel solution must be used within 14 days of the mixing date. You should discard the Enbrel vial and any remaining solution if it is not used within 14 days. Do NOT mix any remaining liquid in one vial of Enbrel solution with another.
STEP 2A: Vial Adapter Method
GO TO STEP 4: CHOOSING AND PREPARING AN INJECTION SITE.
STEP 2B: Free-Hand Method
If you are preparing a dose from an Enbrel vial that was previously used, go to STEP 3: Preparing Additional Doses from a Single Enbrel Vial.
GO TO STEP 4: CHOOSING AND PREPARING AN INJECTION SITE.
STEP 3: Preparing Additional Doses from a Single Enbrel Vial
STEP 4: Choosing and Preparing an Injection Site
STEP 5: Injecting the Enbrel Solution
Do NOT remove the needle cover from the syringe until you are ready to inject.
STEP 6: Disposing of Supplies
The syringe, needles, and vial adapter should NEVER be reused. NEVER recap a needle.
Dispose of both the used needle and syringe as instructed by your healthcare provider, or by following these steps:
A healthcare provider familiar with Enbrel should answer all questions. Call 1-888-4ENBREL (1-888-436-2735) or visit www.enbrel.com for more information about Enbrel.
These Instructions for Use have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
[Amgen Logo]
[Pfizer Logo]
Manufactured by:
Immunex Corporation
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799
Marketed by Amgen Inc. and Pfizer Inc.
© 1998 – 2012 Immunex Corporation. All rights reserved.
1XXXXXX – v5
Revised: 12/2012
PMV5
Enbrel® (en-brel)
(etanercept)
Single-use Prefilled SureClick® Autoinjector
How do I prepare and give an injection with Enbrel Single-use Prefilled SureClick Autoinjector?
This section contains information on how to properly use the Enbrel SureClick autoinjector. It is important that you do NOT try to give yourself the injection unless you have received special training from your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.
A single-use prefilled SureClick autoinjector contains one 50 mg dose of Enbrel.
Children must weigh at least 138 pounds to use Enbrel single-use prefilled SureClick autoinjector. Children who weigh less than 138 pounds should use a different form of Enbrel.
IMPORTANT: The needle cap on the single-use prefilled SureClick autoinjector contains a needle cover that is composed of dry natural rubber, which is made from latex. Tell your doctor if you are allergic to latex.
Equipment:
Preparing for an Enbrel Injection
Choosing and Preparing an Injection Site
Choose an Injection Site
The injection site must be firm for the autoinjector to work properly. The preferred injection site for Enbrel using a prefilled SureClick autoinjector is the front of the thigh.
Instructions for Preferred Injection Site
The front of the thigh is the preferred injection site. |
Instructions for Alternate Injection Sites
When using alternate injection sites, it is particularly important to create enough firmness on the site to be able to successfully complete the injection.
Stretch technique Make sure the skin under and around the prefilled autoinjector is firm and taut to provide enough resistance to fully retract the safety guard and unlock the prefilled autoinjector. |
You can use the abdomen, except for the two-inch area right around the navel. Stretch the skin at the injection site to create a firm and taut surface. |
|
If someone else is giving you the injection, they can also use the outer area of the upper arms. For the upper arms, it is recommended to stretch the skin at the injection site to create a firm and taut surface. |
Prepare the Site
To prepare the area of skin where Enbrel is to be injected, wipe the injection site with an alcohol swab. Do NOT touch this area again before giving the injection.
Injecting Enbrel Using a Single-use Prefilled SureClick Autoinjector
Do NOT remove the white needle cap from the autoinjector until you are ready to inject. |
When you remove the white needle cap, there may be a drop of liquid at the end of the needle or safety guard; this is normal.
⃠ |
Do NOT twist or bend the white needle cap. |
|
⃠ | Do NOT re-attach the white needle cap onto the prefilled autoinjector. | |
✓ | Do pull the white needle cap straight off. |
2. Do NOT touch the purple button. Press prefilled autoinjector onto skin to unlock safety guard.
⃠ | Do NOT press the purple button until the safety guard is fully retracted. |
✓ | Do keep enough downward pressure to fully retract the purple safety guard and to keep the purple button unlocked. |
✓ | Do hold the prefilled autoinjector at a right angle (90º) at the injection site. |
3. Briefly press and release purple button.
✓ | Do maintain pressure on the skin during the injection. |
4. Count slowly to 15 seconds for injection to end.
⃠ | Do NOT move the prefilled autoinjector during the injection. |
✓ | Do wait for the injection to finish before releasing pressure. |
✓ | You might hear a second click as the purple button pops back up. |
After the Injection
✓ | Do check the inspection window to confirm it has turned purple. | |
! | If the inspection window is not purple, call your healthcare provider. |
Remember
If you have any problems, please call 1-888-4ENBREL (1-888-436-2735) for assistance.
Disposing of Supplies
The SureClick autoinjector should NEVER be reused.
Dispose of the used autoinjector as instructed by your healthcare provider, or by following these steps:
A healthcare provider familiar with Enbrel should answer all questions. Call 1-888-4ENBREL (1-888-436-2735) or visit www.enbrel.com for more information about Enbrel.
These Instructions for Use have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
[Amgen Logo]
[Pfizer Logo]
Manufactured by:
Immunex Corporation
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799
Marketed by Amgen Inc. and Pfizer Inc.
© 1998 - 2012 Immunex Corporation. All rights reserved.
1XXXXXX- v5
Revised: 12/2012
PMV5
Contains 4 Single-use Prefilled Syringes
NDC 58406-455-04
Enbrel®
etanercept
25 mg/0.5 mL
Single-use Prefilled Syringe
25 mg
Attention: Not for use in pediatric patients under 68 lbs.
For Subcutaneous Use Only
Sterile Solution - No Preservative
Refrigerate at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE.
Carton contents (4 single-use prefilled syringes, 1 package insert with attached Medication Guide) are
intended to be dispensed as a unit.
ATTENTION: Enclosed Medication Guide is required for each patient.
This Product Contains Dry Natural Rubber.
AMGEN® Pfizer Rx Only
Manufactured by Immunex Corporation, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Marketed by Amgen and Pfizer Inc.
Contains 4 Single-use Prefilled Syringes
NDC 58406-435-04
Enbrel®
etanercept
50 mg/mL
Single-use Prefilled Syringe
50 mg
Attention: Not for use in pediatric patients under 138 lbs.
For Subcutaneous Use Only
Sterile Solution - No Preservative
Refrigerate at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE.
Carton contents (4 single-use prefilled syringes, 1 package insert with attached Medication Guide) are
intended to be dispensed as a unit.
ATTENTION: Enclosed Medication Guide is required for each patient.
This Product Contains Dry Natural Rubber.
AMGEN® Pfizer Rx Only
Manufactured by Immunex Corporation, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Marketed by Amgen and Pfizer Inc.
Contains 4 Single-use Prefilled Autoinjectors
NDC 58406-445-04
Enbrel®
etanercept
SureClick® Autoinjector
50 mg/mL
Single-use Prefilled Autoinjector
50 mg
Attention: Not for use in pediatric patients under 138 lbs.
For Subcutaneous Use Only
Sterile Solution – No Preservative
Refrigerate at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE.
Carton contents (4 prefilled SureClick® Autoinjectors, 1 package insert with attached Medication Guide) are
intended to be dispensed as a unit.
ATTENTION: Enclosed Medication Guide is required for each patient.
This Product Contains Dry Natural Rubber.
AMGEN® Pfizer Rx Only
Manufactured by Immunex Corporation, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Marketed by Amgen and Pfizer Inc.
Contains 4 Dose Trays
NDC 58406-425-34
Amgen®
Enbrel®
etanercept
25 mg/vial
Multiple-use Vial
25 mg/vial
Carton contents (4 dose trays, 1 package insert with attached Medication Guide and mixing date stickers) are intended to be dispensed as a unit.
Each dose tray contains one 25 mg vial of etanercept, one diluent syringe (1 mL Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP, containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol), one 27-gauge ½ inch needle, one vial adapter, and one plunger.
ATTENTION: Enclosed Medication Guide is required for each patient.
Rx Only
Before and after reconstitution refrigerate at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE.
For Subcutaneous Use Only
ENBREL
etanercept solution |
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etanercept solution |
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ENBREL
etanercept kit |
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Labeler - Immunex Corporation (028134799) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
AMGEN INC. | 071629633 | MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Amgen Manufacturing Ltd | 785800020 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455), MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Amgen, Inc | 039976196 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455), MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
BAXTER PHARMACEUTICALS SOLUTIONS LLC | 604719430 | MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Bio Reliance | 175174176 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG | 340700520 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455), MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Charles River Laboratories Inc. | 177286606 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
DSM PHARMACEUTICALS INC | 076301910 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455), MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Labor L+S AG | 313710642 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
VETTER PHARMA FERTIGUNG GMBH AND CO KG | 316126754 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455), MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
VETTER PHARMA FERTIGUNG GMBH AND CO KG | 344069922 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
VETTER PHARMA FERTIGUNG GMBH AND CO KG | 344217323 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455), MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Vetter Pharma Vertigung and Co KG | 312670654 | ANALYSIS(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455), MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
Wyeth BioPharma | 174350868 | MANUFACTURE(58406-435, 58406-445, 58406-425, 58406-455) |