SODIUM BICARBONATE
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sodium bicarbonate solution
Onpharma, Inc.
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SODIUM BICARBONATE INJ., 8.4% USP NEUTRALIZING ADDITIVE SOLUTION Rx only Volume 2.7 mL per cartridge 2.7 mEq (1mEq/mL) Volume 1.7 mL per cartridge 1.7 mEq (1mEq/mL)DESCRIPTION:
Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in Water for Injection. It is added to an appropriate local anesthetic as a neutralizing agent immediately prior to administration.
The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only for single-use. pH is adjusted with carbon dioxide. Per the USP monograph for Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., pH is between 7.0 and 8.5. Osmolar concentration is 2mOsmol/mL (calc.).
Sodium bicarbonate, 84 mg is equal to one milliequivalent each of Na+ and HCO3-.
Sodium Bicarbonate, USP is chemically designated as NaHC03, a white crystalline powder soluble in water. Sodium bicarbonate in water dissociates to provide sodium (Na+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions.
Sodium (Na+) is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in the therapy of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a normal constituent of body fluids and the normal plasma level ranges from 24 to 31 mEq/liter. Bicarbonate anion is considered “labile” since at a proper concentration of hydrogen ion (H+) it may be converted to carbonic acid (H2CO3) and thence to its volatile form, carbon dioxide (CO2) excreted by the lung. Normally a ratio of 1:20 (carbonic acid; bicarbonate) is present in the extracellular fluid. In a healthy adult with normal kidney function, practically all the glomerular filtered bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed; less than 1% is excreted in the urine.
Non-neutral parenteral solutions with a low (acidic) pH are known to cause chemical irritation of tissues.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE:
Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution is indicated to reduce injection pain by adjusting Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine anesthetic solution to a more physiologic pH.
DOSAGE:
The practitioner should choose a volume of Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution to be mixed with Lidocaine with Epinephrine in a ratio that brings the Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine sufficiently toward the physiologic range to reduce injection pain.
Six clinical study reports have been published in peer-reviewed medical journals between 1987 and 2010, which studies evaluated buffering the pH of Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine toward physiologic pH to reduce injection pain by adding 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate solution in a 10:1 ratio of Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine to 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate solution. These studies included 268 patients. The studies found that raising the pH of Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine toward physiologic pH using the 10:1 ratio resulted in a reduction in injection pain. In five of the studies, the reduction was statistically significant (p = less than 0.05); in the sixth there was a strong statistical trend (p = 0.06) toward reduced injection pain. There were no reported adverse events. These studies are cited in the Reference section below.
See also below a table providing a mixing guide and the volumes of 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate Neutralizing Additive Solution to be added to commonly available containers of Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine in order to achieve a mixed ratio of 10:1.
10:1 Anesthetic-to-Bicarbonate Solution Ratio Mixing Guide for 10:1Volume (mL), Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine (container type) Volume (mL), 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate Solution
1.8 mL (Cartridge) 0.18 mL
20 mL (Vial) 2.0 mL
30 mL (Vial) 3.0 mL
50 mL (Vial) 5.0 mL
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Not for use as a systemic alkalizer.
WARNINGS:
None known.
PRECAUTIONS:
Administer local anesthetic solution immediately after combining with Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution.
When combining local anesthetic solution with Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly, and do not store.
Do not use unless Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution is clear, colorless, and free of particulates or cloudiness, and the container or seal is intact. Do not use if the inner or outer packaging are damaged. Discard unused portion.
Do not use local anesthetic combined with Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution unless the combined solution is clear, colorless, and free of particulates or cloudiness.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter, cloudiness and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Drug Interactions
Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution and Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine are compatible. See Compatibility section under Sodium Bicarbonate in The Handbook on Injectable Drugs by Lawrence A. Trissel, 14th ed. 2007 (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD).
Pregnancy Category C
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted in which Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution was evaluated. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted in which Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine that has been pH adjusted by the addition of Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution was evaluated.
It is not known whether Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or whether it can affect reproduction capacity. It is not known whether Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine that has been pH adjusted by the addition of Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or whether it can affect reproduction capacity.
ADVERSE REACTIONS:
None known.
OVERDOSAGE:
Adding a volume of Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution to Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine solution such that the pH of the Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine is raised above physiologic pH may cause anesthetic to precipitate out of solution, reducing the clinical effectiveness of the anesthetic. See, e.g., Mulroy MF, Regional Anesthesia, An Illustrated Procedural Guide, 3rd Ed. 2002 (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA). In addition, solutions that contain precipitate should not be injected.Adding a volume of Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP Neutralizing Additive Solution to Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine solution such that the pH of the Lidocaine w/ Epinephrine is raised well above (7.8) physiologic pH may cause tissue irritation when the solution is injected. See Whitcomb M, et al, A Prospective Randomized, Double Blind Study of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Buffered 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 Epinephrine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks, Anesth Prog, vol 57, p 59 (2010).
HOW SUPPLIED:
Sodium Bicarbonate Inj., 8.4% USP is supplied in 2.7 mL or 1.7 mL single-dose cartridges, packaged in a four-cartridge package.
Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). (See USP).
REFERENCE:
Cepeda MS, Tzortzopoulou A, Thackrey M, Hudcova J, Arora Gandhi P, Schumann R. Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006581.
Christoph RA, Buchanan L, Begalla K, Schwartz S, Pain reduction in local anesthetic administration through pH buffering, Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol 17, no 2, p 117 (1988).
Martin AJ, pH-adjustment and discomfort caused by the intradermal injection of lignocaine, Anaesthesia, vol 45, p 975 (1990).
Masters JE, Randomised control trial of pH buffered lignocaine with adrenaline in outpatient operations, British Journal of Plastic Surgery, vol 51, p 385 (1998).
McKay W, Morris R, Mushlin P, Sodium bicarbonate attenuates pain on skin infiltration with or without epinephrine, Anesthesia and Analgesia, vol 66, p 572 (1987).
Narvaez J, Wessels I, Bacon G, Chin VR, Baqai WK, Zimmerman GJ, Prospective randomized evaluation of short-term complications when using buffered or unbuffered lidocaine 1% with epinephrine for blepharoplasty surgery, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol 26, no1, p 33 (2010).
Talu H, Elibol O, Yanyali A, Karabas L, Alp B, Caglar Y, Effect of warming and buffering lidocaine on pain during facial anesthesia, Annals of Ophthalmology, vol 33, no 1, p 43 (2001).
Manufactured for Onpharma Inc., Los Gatos, CA 95030
Customer Care Center: (877) 336-6738
NDC 50509-100-01
NDC 50509-100-03
Copyright © 2011 Onpharma Inc. All Rights Reserved (02/2011) LS013-B
2.7 mL Vial Carton Image:
2.7 mL Vial Label Image:
1.7 mL Vial Carton Image:
1.7 mL Vial Label Image:
| SODIUM BICARBONATE
sodium bicarbonate solution |
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| Marketing Information | |||
| Marketing Category | Application Number or Monograph Citation | Marketing Start Date | Marketing End Date |
| unapproved drug other | 07/22/2010 | ||
| Labeler - Onpharma, Inc. (011848357) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Operations |
| WuXi AppTec, Inc. | 136584468 | manufacture | |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Operations |
| Avrio Biopharmaceuticals, LLC | 829688899 | manufacture | |