DEHISTINE  - phenylephrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate and methscopolamine nitrate liquid 
Cypress Pharmaceutical, Inc.

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DEHISTINE SYRUP

Dehistine Syrup

Rx Only

DESCRIPTION: Each teaspoonful (5 mL) for oral administration contains:
Phenylephrine HCl.......................... 10 mg
Chlorpheniramine Maleate............... 2 mg
Methscopolamine Nitrate................ 1.25 mg

DEHISTINE Syrup contains ingredients from the following classes: nasal decongestant, antihistamine, and anticholinergic.

Phenylephrine HCL is a sympathomimetic amine with the chemical structure: Benzenemethanol,
3-hydroxy-
α{(methylamino)methyl}, hydrochloride.

Chlorpheniramine Maleate is an antihistamine with the chemical structure 2-Pyridinepropanamine,

γ-(4-chlorphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, (Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1).

Methscopolamine Nitrate is an anticholinergic belladonna alkaloid derivative with the chemical structure:
3-Oxa-9-azoniatricyclo(3.3.1.02,4)nonane, 7-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phenylpropoxy)-9,9-dimethyl-, nitrate. [7(s)-1α,2β-5α-7β].

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY:

Phenylephrine, a sympathomimetic amine acts directly on α-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract to produce vasoconstriction that increases peripheral resistance, resulting in an increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Accompanying the pressor response is a marked reflex bradycardia due to increased vagal activity. It produces vasoconstriction that lasts longer than that produced by ephedrine and epinephrine, and in therapeutic doses, produces little or no central nervous system (CNS) stimulation. Phenylephrine has reduced bioavailability from the gastrointestinal tract because of first pass metabolism by the liver.

Chlorpheniramine maleate competitively antagonizes most of the smooth muscle stimulating actions of histamine on the H1 receptors of the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. It also antagonizes the action of histamine that results in increased capillary permeability and the formation of edema. Chlorpheniramine maleate is an alkylamine-type antihistamine. This group of antihistamines are among the most active histamine antagonists and are generally effective in relatively low doses. They thereby prevent, but do not reverse, responses mediated by histamine alone. The anticholinergic actions of most antihistamines provide a drying effect on the nasal mucosa. These drugs are not so prone to produce drowsiness and are among the most suitable agents for daytime use, but a significant proportion of patients do experience this effect.

Methscopolamine Nitrate is one of the principal anticholinergic/antispasmodic components of belladonna alkaloids that exhibits antisecretory activity. Methscopolamine inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, and exocrine glands. In general, the smaller doses of anticholinergics inhibit salivary and bronchial secretions, sweating, and accommodation; cause dilation of the pupil; and may affect the heart rate.

INDICATIONS:

This product provides relief of the symptoms resulting from irritation of sinus, nasal, and upper respiratory tract tissue.
Phenylephrine exerts a vasoconstrictive and decongestive action while chlorpheniramine maleate decreases the symptoms
of watering eyes, post-nasal drip, and sneezing. Methscopolamine nitrate further augments the antisecretory activity of
this product.

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

This product is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to any of its ingredients. It is also
contraindicated in women who are pregnant or nursing. This product is contraindicated in children under six years
of age, because this age group is sensitive to the effects of sympathomimetic amines.

It is also contraindicated in newborn or premature infants, because this age group has an increased susceptibility
to the anticholinergic side effects of chlorpheniramine maleate. Geriatric patients may be more sensitive to the
effects of this medication.

Risk-benefit should be considered when the following conditions exist: Acute asthma; Bladder neck obstruction;
Brain damage in children; Cardiac disease, especially cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery
disease, and mitral stenosis; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Down's Syndrome; Esophagitis, reflux;
Narrow angle glaucoma; Acute hemorrhage with unstable cardiovascular status; Hepatic function impairment; Hernia;
Hypertension; Hyperthyroidism; Intestinal atony in the elderly or debilitated patient; Chronic lung disease; Myasthenia
gravis; Autonomic neuropathy; Paralytic ileus; Prostatic hypertrophy; Psychiatric disorders; Pyloric obstruction; Renal
function impairment; Spastic paralysis, in children; Tachycardia; Toxemia of pregnancy; Ulcerative colitis; Urinary
retention, or predisposition to; Urothopy; Xerostomia.


WARNINGS:

This product may cause drowsiness or blurred vision. Patients taking this product should be warned
not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery
or to perform hazardous tasks while taking this drug.

Sympathomimetic amines should be used with caution in patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease,
diabetes mellitus, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism, or prostatic hypertrophy. The overdosage
of sympathomimetic amines may produce CNS stimulation with convulsions or cardiovascular collapse
with accompanying hypotension. Do not exceed recommended dosage.

Heat prostration can occur with the use of methscopolamine when the environmental temperature is high. Diarrhea
may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy;
in this instance, use of methscopolamine would be inappropriate and possibly harmful.


PRECAUTIONS: General:

Use Phenylephrine with caution in patients with hypoxia, acidosis, or a history of arteriosclerosis, bradycardia, partial heart block,
hypertension, myocardial disease, thrombosis, or ventricular tachycardia.  Antihistamines have an atropine-like action and should
be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchial asthma, emphysema, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism,
cardiovascular disease and hypertension.

Use methscopolamine with caution in patients with hiatal hernia associated with reflux Esophagitis.  Use extreme caution and only
when needed in patients with autonomic neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and cardiac
arrhythmia.


Information for patients:

Patient consultation should include the following information regarding proper use of this medication:
• Do not take more medication than the amount recommended.
• This medication should be used with caution during exercise or hot weather, overheating may result in heat
 stroke.
• Do not drive or operate machinery if drowsiness or dizziness occurs.
• Do not ingest alcoholic beverages, monoamine
oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, or CNS depression-
  producing medications (hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers) while taking this medication.
• This medication possibly increases sensitivity of eyes to light.
• Methscopolamine nitrate may cause blurred vision.
• If a dose is missed, the medication should be taken as soon as possible unless it is almost time for the next
 dose.  Do not double doses.
• This medication should be stored in a tight, light-resistant container at temperatures between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).
• Keep all medications out of reach of children.  In case of accidental overdose, seek professional assistance
or contact a poison control center immediately.
Caution patients about the signs of potential side effects, especially:
• Anticholinergic effects – clumsiness or unsteadiness; severe drowsiness; severe dryness of mouth, nose, or
throat; flushing or redness of face; shortness of breath or trouble breathing.
• Blood dyscrasias-sore throat and fever; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual tiredness or weakness.
• Fast or irregular heartbeat.
• Psychotic episodes.
• Tightness in chest.

Note:  When anticholinergics are given to patients, especially children, where the environmental temperature is high there is
a risk of a rapid increase in body temperature because of suppression of sweat gland activity.  Infants, patients with Down’s syndrome,
and children with spastic paralysis or brain damage may show an increased response to anticholinergics, thus increasing the potential for
side effects.

Geriatric or debilitated patients may respond to usual doses of anticholinergics with excitement, agitation, drowsiness, or confusion.


Laboratory Tests:

The following may be especially important in patient monitoring (other tests may be warranted in some patients, depending on conditions):
Blood pressure determination – recommended at frequent intervals during therapy:  Electrocardiogram (ECG) – monitoring may be required:
Intraocular pressure determination – recommended at periodic intervals, as these medications may increase the intraocular pressure.


Drug Interactions:

Do not take this product if you are presently taking, or have taken within the preceding two weeks, a prescription drug for high blood pressure or depression without first consulting your physician. Absorption of other oral medications may be decreased during concurrent use with anticholinergics due to decreased gastrointestinal motility and delayed gastric emptying.
Combinations containing any or the following medications, depending on the amount present, may also interact with this product:

Laboratory Test Interactions:

Antihistamines may interfere with diagnostic test results for skin tests using allergen extracts. Anticholinergics may
interfere with diagnostic test results for gastric acid secretion by antagonizing the effect of pantagastrin and histamine,
and for radionucleotide gastric emptying studies by delaying gastric emptying.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:

No data is available on the long-term potential of  the components of this product for Carcinogenesis,
Mutagenesis or Impairment of Fertility in animals or humans.

Pregnancy: Category C:

Reproduction studies have been performed with chlorpheniramine maleate.  Studies in rabbits and rats at doses up to
50 times and 85 times the human dose revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus. There are, however, no adequate and
well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Therefore, it is not known whether these drugs can cause fetal harm when
administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with phenylephrine or methscopolamine.  This product should be given
to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Labor and Delivery:

Use of phenylephrine during labor may cause fetal anoxia and bradycardia by increasing contractility of the uterus and
decreasing uterine blood flow.

Nursing Mothers:

Small amounts of sympathomimetic amines and antihistamines are excreted in breast milk; use is not recommended
because of the risk of adverse effects, such as unusual excitement or irritability in infants.  Anticholinergics and
antihistamines may inhibit lactation.



Pediatric Use:

Use of antihistamines is not recommended in newborn or premature infants because this age group has an increased
susceptibility to anticholinergic side effects, such as CNS excitation, and an increased tendency toward convulsion.
In infants and children, overdosage may cause hallucinations, convulsions, and death.  A paradoxical reaction characterized
by hyperexcitability may occur in older children taking antihistamines.

Use is not recommended for children under six years of age.  Infants and young children with spastic paralysis or brain damage
since an increased response to anticholinergics are given to children where the environmental temperature because of the
suppression of sweat gland activity.  A paradoxical reaction characterized by hyperexcitability may occur in children taking
large doses of anticholinergics.

Appropriate studies with phenylephrine have not been performed in the pediatric population.

Geriatric Use:

Confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and CNS depression may be more likely to occur in geriatric patients taking
sympathomimetic amines.  Geriatric patients may also be more sensitive to the effects, especially the vasopressor
effects, of sympathomimetic amines.  Confusion, dizziness, sedation, hypotension, hyperexcitability, and
anticholinergic side effects, such as dryness of mouth and urinary retention (especially in males), may be more
likely to occur in geriatric patients taking antihistamines.

Geriatric patients may respond to usual doses of anticholinergics with excitement, agitation, drowsiness, or confusion.
Geriatric patients are especially susceptible to the anticholinergic side effects, such as constipation, dryness of the

mouth, and urinary retention (especially in males).  If these side effects occur and continue or are severe, medication
should probably be discontinued.

Caution is also recommended when anticholinergics are given to geriatric patients, because of the danger of precipitating
undiagnosed glaucoma.  Memory may become severely impaired in geriatric patients, with the continued use of anticholinergics,
since these drugs block the action of acetylcholine, which is responsible for many functions of the brain, including memory function.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

The following adverse reactions have been observed with the use of phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine and methscopolamine;
Arrhytmias, blood dyscrasias, CNS depression, CNS stimulation, dizziness, drowsiness, dryness of mouth, hallucinations,
hypotension, hypertension, increased sweating, loss of appetite, paradoxical reaction, restlessness, skin rash, stomach upset
or pain, thickening of mucus, tingling in hands or feet, trembling, troubled breathing, unusual tiredness or weakness, vomiting.

Note:  Agitation; confusion; difficult or painful urination; drowsiness; dizziness; and dryness of mouth, nose and throat are more
likely to occur in the elderly.  Nightmares, unusual excitement, nervousness, restlessness, or irritability are more likely to occur
in children and the elderly.  When anticholinergics are given to patients, especially children, where the environmental temperature
is high, there is risk of a rapid increase in body temperature.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE:

Central nervous system stimulants such as phenylephrine have been abused.  At high doses, subjects commonly experience
an elevation of mood, a sense of increased energy and alertness, and decreased appetite.  Some individuals become anxious,
irritable and loquacious.  In addition to the marked euphoria, the user experiences a sense of markedly enhanced physical
strength and mental capacity.  With continued use, tolerance develops, the user increases the dose, and toxic signs and
symptoms appear.  Depression may follow rapid withdrawal.

Stimulants, such as phenylephrine, are banned and tested for by the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) and the National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA).

OVERDOSAGE:

 This product is comprised of pharmacologically different components (sympathomimetic amine, antihistamine, anticholinergic).
 
Therefore, it is difficult to predict the exact manifestation of symptoms in a given individual.  Reaction to an overdose of this
 product may vary from CNS depression to stimulant.  A description of symptoms which are likely to appear after ingestion of
 an excess of the individual components follows:

• Overdosage with sympathomimetic amines can cause  cardiac arrhythmias, cerebral hemorrhage and pulmonary edema.
It can also cause palpitations, tremor, dizziness,vomiting, fear, labored breathing, headache, dryness of mouth, pallor,weakness,
 panic, anxiety, confusion,and hallucinations.

• Manifestation of antihistamine overdosage may vary from CNS depression to stimulation.  Other signs and symptoms may
be dizziness, tinnitus, ataxia, blurred vision, and hypotension.  Stimulation is particularly likely in children as are atropine-like
signs and symptoms (dry mouth, fixed, dilated pupils, flushing, hypothermia, and gastrointestinal symptoms).  In infants and
children particularly, antihistamines, in overdosage may produce convulsion and/or death.
• The signs and symptoms of overdosage of anticholinergics are headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, fixed and dilated
 pupils, hot dry skin, dizziness, dryness of mouth, difficulty in swallowing and CNS stimulation.

Treatment of acute overdosage would probably be based upon treating the patient for phenylephrine toxicity which may
manifest itself as excessive CNS stimulation resulting in excitement, tremor, restlessness, and insomnia.  Other effects
may include hyperpyrexia, hypertension, mydriasis, hyperglycemia and urinary retention.  Severe hyperkalemia can occur,
probably due to a compartmental shift.  No organ damage or significant metabolic derangement is associated with overdosage.

General Treatment:

Treatment is symptomatic and supportive with possible utilization of the following:
• Induction of emesis (syrup of Ipecac recommended); however, precaution against aspiration is necessary,
especially in infants and children.

• Gastric lavage (isotonic or 0.45% sodium chloride solution) if patient is unable to vomit within three
 hours of ingestion
• Saline Cathartics (milk of magnesia) may be used.
• Vasopressors to treat hypotension; however epinephrine should not be used since it may further
lower blood pressure.
• For excessive hypertensive effect an α-adrenergic blocker, such as phentolamine, may be administered.
• Hyperpyrexia, especially in children, may require treatment with tepid water sponge bath.
• Excessive CNS stimulation may be counteracted with  parenteral diazepam.
• Oxygen and intravenous fluids.
• Precaution against the use of stimulants (analeptic agents) is recommended because they may cause
seizures.
• Excitement to a degree which demands attention may be managed with sodium thiopental 2% solution
given slowly intravenously or chloral hydrate (100-200 mL of a 2% solution) by rectal infusion.
In severe cases of overdosage it is essential to monitor both the heart (by electrocardiograph) and plasma
electrolytes, and to give intravenous potassium as indicated. In the event of progression of the respiration
should be instituted and maintained until effective respiratory action returns.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:

Adults and children 12 years of age and older:  1-2 teaspoonfuls (5-10 mL) every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed
8 teaspoonfuls in 24 hours.

Children 6 to under 12 years of age: 1 teaspoonful (5 mL) every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed
4 teaspoonfuls in 24 hours.

DEHISTINE Syrup is not recommended for children under 6 years of age.

Note: Geriatric patients may be more sensitive to the effects of the usual adult dose. Adjust adult dose accordingly.

HOW SUPPLIED:

DEHISTINE Syrup is supplied as a brown, rootbeer flavored liquid with no sugar and no alcohol in 16 fl oz
(473 mL) bottles, NDC 60258-220-16.

KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. IN CASE OF ACCIDENTAL
OVERDOSE, CALL A DOCTOR OR CONTACT A POISON CONTROL CENTER IMMEDIATELY.

Pharmacist:  Store at controlled room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).  Avoid exposure to heat. Dispense in a tight,
light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.

Manufactured for:
Cypress Pharmaceutical, Inc.
Madison, MS 39110

Manufactured by:
Great Southern Laboratories
Houston, TX 77099

I-192
Rev. 01/09


PRODUCT PACKAGING:

The labeling below represents the labeling currently used.

NDC 60258-220-16

DEHISTINE
    Syrup

Each teaspoonful (5 mL) contains:
Phenylephrine hydrochloride .....................10 mg
Chlorpheniramine Maleate.........................2 mg
Methscopolamine Nitrate...........................1.25 mg

SUGAR FREE/ALCOHOL FREE

              Rx Only

CYPRESS PHARMACEUTICAL, INC.

       16 fl oz (473 mL)


Labeling on Side Panel:

USUAL DOSAGE: Adults and children 12 years of age and older: 1-2 teaspoonfuls (5-10 mL) every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 8 teaspoonfuls in 24 hours. Children 6 to under 12 years of age: 1 teaspoonful (5 mL) every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 4 teaspoonfuls in 24 hours. DEHISTINE Syrup is not recommended for children under 6 years of age.

See package insert for full prescribing information.

KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. IN CASE OF ACCIDENTAL OVERDOSE, SEEK PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE OR CONTACT A POISON CONTROL CENTER IMMEDIATELY

Store at controlled room temperature, 15o-30oC (59o-86oF). Avoid exposure to heat. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.

Mfg. by: Great Southern Laboratories, Houston, TX 77099
Mfg. for: Cypress Pharmaceutical, Inc., Madison, MS 39110

L412 Rev. 01/09

Dehistine Packaging


Dehistine Packaging


Dehistine Packaging




DEHISTINE 
phenylephrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, methscopolamine nitrate   liquid
Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGNDC Product Code (Source)60258-220
Route of AdministrationORALDEA Schedule    
Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (Phenylephrine) Phenylephrine Hydrochloride10 mg  in 5 mL
Chlorpheniramine Maleate (Chlorpheniramine) Chlorpheniramine Maleate2 mg  in 5 mL
Methscopolamine Nitrate (Methscopolamine ) Methscopolamine Nitrate1.25 mg  in 5 mL
Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
No Inactive Ingredients Found
Product Characteristics
Color    Score    
ShapeSize
FlavorROOT BEERImprint Code
Contains    
Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
160258-220-16473 mL In 1 BOTTLENone

Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
unapproved other07/24/2009

Labeler - Cypress Pharmaceutical, Inc. (790248942)
Registrant - Great Southern Laboratories (056139553)
Establishment
NameAddressID/FEIOperations
Great Southern Laboratories056139553manufacture
Revised: 11/2009Cypress Pharmaceutical, Inc.